RIPON FALLS 



6632 



RISTICH 



Ripon Falls. Falls on the river 

 Nile. Discovered by Spoke on 

 July 28, 1862, they consist oj three 

 distinct falls near the beginning of 

 the Nile where % it issues from 

 Victoria Nyanza. Here tl* rapids 

 prevent navigation, but a rfy. was 

 built, 1912-13, from Jhija to 

 Namasagali (61 m. ) to afford direct 

 communication with Lake Choga 

 (Kioga) and the Victoria Nile. v 



Ripperda, JOHAKN WILHELM, 

 DUKE OF (1680-1737). Dtrtch ad- 

 venturer. Born at Groningen, he 

 entered the service of Philip V of 

 Spain in 1715, and was rewarded 

 for his success in negotiating the 

 alliance of 1725 with Austria by a 

 dukedom. On his disgrace in 1726 

 he escaped to Holland, and then to 

 Morocco, and induced the sultan 

 Muley Abdallah to attack Spanish 

 territory in Africa. The expedition 

 which he commanded under the 

 name of Osman Pasha failed, and 

 he died at Tetuan, Nov. 2, 1737. 



Ripple Marks. Name given to 

 the undulatory marks seen on the 

 sands of the seashore and of the 

 desert, etc. These ripple marks are 

 caused by air action chiefly, the 

 air being set in wave motion by the 

 movements of the sea water or by 

 other causes, e.g. the inequalities 

 of the land surface over which the 

 water is moving. 



Rip van Winkle. Hero of a 

 story in Washington Irving's The 

 Sketch Book, 1819-20. Inhabitant 

 of a village in the Catskill Mts., 

 New York, he falls into a 20 years' 

 sleep, and wakes to find everything 

 changed and himself well-nigh for- 

 gotten. The story was long popular 

 in the form of a drama, first per- 

 formed in 1828. There have been 

 several revivals, including Bouci- 

 cault's version, with J. Jefferson in 

 the title-role (Adelphi, 1865), an 

 anonymous version with Beerbohm 

 Tree in the title-role (His Majesty's, 

 1900), and Austin Strong's version 

 with Cyril Maude as Rip (Play- 

 house, 1911). H. B. Farnie and 

 R. Planquette produced a comic 

 opera, with Fred Leslie as Rip, at 

 the Comedy Theatre in 1882. 



Risaldar . Commissioned officer 

 (native) in the Indian cavalry. He 

 corresponds to the subhadar in 

 Indian infantry, and may be pro- 

 moted to risaldar major. 



Risca. Urban dist. of Mon- 

 mouthshire, England. It stands on 

 the Ebbw, 6 m. from Newport, 

 with a station on the G.W. Rly. 

 There are chemical and tinplate 

 works, and all around are coal 

 mines. Pop. 14,000. 



Risdon. Town of Tasmania.' It 

 is situated near Hobart. Here is 

 one of the largest zinc-producing 

 plants in the world, and sufficient 

 hydro-electric power is supplied by 



Ripon Falls, Central Africa. Falls 



on the Nile, as it leaves the great 



lake, Victoria Nyanza 



the Tasmanian government for the 

 production of 50,000 tons of zinc 

 annually from zinc concentrates 

 and slimes, as well as the produc- 

 tion of considerable quantities of 

 sulphuric acid. At the last census 

 the pop., which has since rapidly 

 increased, numbered 111. 



Rise. Geographical term mean- 

 ing an elevation, ridge, or plateau 

 rising above the general level of 

 the ocean floor. An excellent 

 example of a rise is the long and 

 irregular elevation which longi- 

 tudinally traverses the whole length 

 of the Atlantic Ocean, and divides 

 it into two deep basins. In the N. 

 Atlantic it is called the Dolphin 

 Rise, in the S. Atlantic the Chal- 

 lenger Rise. The Azores, Ascension, 

 and Tristan da Cunha islands 

 stand upon the Atlantic rise. See 

 Ocean. 



Rise. In mining, name of a par- 

 ticular kind of shaft. Small shafts 

 are excavated from one floor level 

 of the mine to the one next above, 

 and such a shaft is called a rise, 

 as distinguished from a winze 

 (q.v.). It may be vertical or in- 

 clined ; its sides are timbered. A 

 timber partition goes down the 

 middle, forming two compartments, 

 one with ladders for the miners and 

 the other for the removal of ore or 

 waste. Larger rises, divided into 

 three compartments, are often 

 constructed. See Mining. 



Rishi. In Oriental mythology, 

 title given to the seven mind-born 

 sons of Brahma, the seers or sages 

 to whom were revealed the Vedas. 

 The term is also applied to other 

 ancient poets and men of special 



Rising Sun. 

 Badge of the Order 



are made, and in the vicinity arc 

 coal mines, cotton mills, and stone 

 quarries. Pop. 7,400. 

 ' Rising Sun, 

 ORDER OF THE. 

 Japanese order, 

 also known as the 

 Eastern or Morn- 

 ing Sun. It was 

 instituted in 1 875, 

 with eight grades, 

 as a reward for 

 military and civil 

 services. The 

 badge is a red sun 

 emitting 32 white 

 rays, and the rib- 

 bon is white with red borders. 



Risk (Fr. risque, peril). Term 

 used in various connexions, especi- 

 ally in insurance and commerce. 

 There are few risks against which 

 insurance cannot be obtained on 

 payment of a premium. Extra- 

 ordinary or fantastic risks are not 

 usually accepted by the ordinary 

 insurance companies, this class of 

 business being undertaken by 

 Lloyds (q.v.). Where the carriage 

 of goods is concerned, the rates 

 charged by rly. companies and 

 other carriers are often appreciably 

 reduced, if the owner takes the risk 

 of loss or damage in transit. The 

 word risk was originally a sea- 

 faring term, cf. Span, arriesgar, to 

 run on the rocks, i.e. into danger. 

 See Insurance ; Lloyds ; Railways. 



Rispetti (It?.l. rispcttoso, re- 

 spectful). Originally, Tuscan folk 

 songs conveying respectful saluta- 

 tions to the beloved one. The 

 characteristic form is a verse of 

 four lines rhyming alternately, 

 followed by a rhyming couplet, 

 called the ripresa, which develops 

 some conception or fancy, or word 

 or phrase, of the third or fourth 

 line of the preceding quatrain. A 

 variant form corresponds to the 

 ottava rima of Italian literature, 

 consisting of octaves composed of 

 six lines alternately rhyming, fol- 

 lowed by 'a rhyming couplet. 



Rissole. Word borrowed from 

 the French, and meaning a cake of 

 meat or fish, minced and fried with 

 egg and bread-crumbs. 



Ristich, JOVAN (1831-99). Ser- 

 bian statesman. Born at Kraguje- 

 vatz, Oct. 27, 1831, he entered the 

 diplomatic service, and, as chief of 

 the mission sent to Constantinople 

 in 1860, succeeded in preventing a 

 definite rupture with Turkey, and 

 ultimately secured the withdrawal 

 of the Turkish forces from Serbian 



sanctity. In astronomy, the word^. fortresses. He was a member of the 

 was used of the stars forming the- - 'council of regency gduring the 



Great Bear. 



Rishton. Urban dist. of Lan- 

 cashire, England. It is 3 m. from 

 Blackburn, with a station on the 

 L. & Y. Rly. Paper and fire-bricks 



minority of Prince - (afterwards 

 King) Milan, and for a brief period 

 (1872-73) prime minister. Ristich 

 was a partisan of Russian in- 

 tervention on behalf of Serbian 



