RISTORI 



independence, while the prince in 

 1873 placed his hopes on Austria, 

 and when Serbia had declared war 

 on Turkey against Russian advice, 

 he became the recognized leader of 

 the Liberal party, and was again 

 called to power hi 1876. In 1878 

 he represented Serbia at the Berlin 

 congress. Ristich was a member 

 of the council of regency during 

 the minority of King Alexander, 

 and when this prince prematurely 

 announced his majority by arrest- 

 ing his regents, Ristich retired. He 

 died at Belgrade, Sept. 4, 1899. 



Ristori, ADELAIDE (1822-1906). 

 Italian actress. Born at Cividale 

 del Friuli, Jan. 30, 1822, she made 

 her earlier suc- 

 cesses in com- 

 edy, but ach- 

 ieved her first 

 triumph in 

 Rome in 1849 

 as the heroine 

 of Alfieri's 

 Myrrha. In 

 1855 she was 

 Adelaide Ristori, favourably re- 

 Italian actress ce ived in Paris, 

 Einott & Fry where Rachel's 

 supremacy seemnl unquestioned, 

 as Myrrha, Franeesca da Rimini, 

 and Mary Stuart, and was also 

 seen in the Medea and Beatrix of 

 Legouve. She acted frequently in 

 London, making her debut as 

 Medea at The Lyceum, June 4, 

 1856, and playing Lady Macbeth 

 at Drury Lane, July 3, 1882. She 

 died in Rome, Oct. 9, 1906. 



Risus Sardonicus. Spasm of 

 the facial muscles producing the 

 appearance of a sardonic grin. It 

 occurs in convulsive diseases as 

 tetanus and in poisoning by 

 strychnine. 



Rita. Pen-name of Mrs. W. 

 Desmond Humphreys, British 

 author. She was born in Inver- 

 ness-shire, her 

 maiden name 

 b e in g Gollan, 

 and educated 

 in Sydney, 

 N.S.W. Her 

 numerou s 

 stories, many 

 of which have 

 enjoyed wide 

 popularity, 

 include Dame 

 Durden, 1883; 



Peg the Rake, 1894 ; A Jilt's 

 Journal, 1900; The Masqueraders, 

 1904 ; Jill-all-Alone, 1914 ; The 

 Ink-Slinger, 1915; The Iron Stair, 

 1916 ; and The Philanthropic 

 Burglar, 1919. 



Ritardando OR RITENUTO (Ital., 

 holding or held back). Musical 

 terms of almost identical meaning, 

 indicating that the time is to be 

 slackened. The usual abbrev. is r it. 



Rita, 

 British author 



6633 



Ritchie, ANNE ISABELLA, LADY 

 (1838-1919). British author. Born 

 in London, the eldest daughter of 

 W. M. Thack- 

 eray, she was 

 educated in 

 Paris and Ken- 

 sington. She 

 was Thack- 

 eray's closest 

 companion 

 until his death, 

 and contribu- 

 ted to a library 

 of her father's 

 novels a number of invaluable 

 personal reminiscences. In 1877 

 she married Sir Richmond Ritchie 

 (d. 1912). Lady Ritchie died Feb. 

 26, 1919. Among her novels are 

 The Story of Elizabeth, 1863; 

 Old Kensington, 1873 ; and Mrs. 

 Dymond, 1885. Her introductions 

 to Cranford and Our Village ; her 

 study of Mme. de Sevigne, 1881 ; 

 A Book of Sibyls, 1883 ; her Lord 

 Tennyson and his Friends, 1892 ; 

 and her Chapters from some 

 Memoirs, 1894, abound in delicate 

 revealing touches in biography. 



Ritchie, CHARLES THOMSON RIT- 

 CHIE, IST BARON (1838-1906). 

 British politician. Born at Dundee, 

 Nov. 19, 1838, 

 the son of a 

 merchant, he 

 was educated 

 at the City of 

 London School. 

 He began his 

 business career 

 in London, 

 soon becoming 

 a partner in 

 his father's 

 firm. In 1874 he entered Parlia- 

 ment as M.P. for the Tower Ham- 

 lets, and as a Conservative did a 

 good deal for the interests of the 

 working classes. 



In 1885 he was made financial 

 secretary to the admiralty, and in 

 1886 he became president of the local 

 government board ; as such he 

 was responsible for the Act creat- 

 ing county councils, and he held 

 that position until 1892. He was 

 without a seat in Parliament until 

 1895, when he became M.P. for 

 Croydon and president of the 

 board of trade, where he was 

 responsible for initiating the work 

 of that department in settling 

 labour disputes. In 1900 Ritchie 

 became home secretary, and 1902 

 chancellor of the exchequer. In 

 his budget of 1903 he took off the 

 existing duty of Is. a quarter on 

 corn ; this gave offence to the 

 tariff reformers, led by Joseph 

 Chamberlain, who resigned, as also 

 did Ritchie. In 1905 he was made 

 a baron, and he died Jan. 9, 1906. 

 His elder son Charles (b. 1866} 



1st Baron Ritchie, 

 British politician 



Henry P. Ritchie, 

 British sailor 



RITSCHU 



succeeded him in the title. He 

 became chairman of the Port of 

 London Authority, 1925. 



Ritchie, HENRY PEEL (b. 1876). 

 British sailor. Born in 1876, he en- 

 tered the navy, becoming lieu- 

 tenant of the 

 Sans Pareil 

 in 1903, in 

 which year he 

 was com- 

 mended by 

 the admiralty 

 for gallantry 

 in attempting 

 to save the 

 life of a sea- 

 man. He com- 

 manded the Goliath in the early 

 months of the Great War, and dis- 

 tinguished himself in the operations 

 against Dar-es-Salaam (q.v.), Ger- 

 man E. Africa. He was awarded 

 the second naval V.C. of the war 

 for bravery on Nov. 28, 1914. He 

 led a landing-party to search 

 the place and demolish certain 

 buildings, and while engaged in 

 these operations was severely 

 wounded several times. He 

 retired from the navy in 1917. 



Rite (Lat. ritiis, custom). Reli- 

 gious act or ceremony performed 

 according to established custom 

 or precept. The term is also used 

 of the general body of services 

 used by a church or group of 

 churches, e.g. the Byzantine Rite. 

 In the R.C. Church, the congrega- 

 tion of rites regulates the general 

 uniformity of practice in matters of 

 divine worship, although making 

 provision for national divergencies. 

 It also decides causes of beatifi- 

 cation and canonisation. The 

 congregation was established by 

 Pope Sixtus VI. See Liturgy. 



Ritornello (It., a little return or 

 repeat). A short strain of instru- 

 mental music. Originally it signi- 

 fied the music played between the 

 scenes of an opera after the style 

 of an intermezzo, but subsequently 

 it meant the instrumental sym- 

 phonies in a song when the voice 

 was silent. It is still used in con- 

 nexion with an old form of Italian 

 verse, composed of stanzas of three 

 lines in which the first and the 

 last rhyme. 



Ritschl, ALBRECHT (1822-89). 

 German theologian. Born in Ber- 

 lin, March 25, 1822, he became 

 professor e x- 

 traordinary of 

 theology at 

 Bonn in 1852. 

 He removed in 

 1864 to Got- 

 tingen, where 

 he occupied a 

 similar position 



for the rest of 

 h i s 1 i f e. In 



Albrecht Ritschl, 

 German theologian 



