RIVOLI 



Rivoli. Town of Italy, in the 

 prov. of Turin. It is on a ridge, 

 8 m. W. of Turin, with which it is 

 connected by rly. It is a resort for 

 the wealthy merchants of Turin. 

 The inhabitants are mainly en- 

 gaged in the manufacture of silk 

 and macaroni. Pop. 8,000. 



Rivoli. Village of Italy, in the 

 prov. of Verona. It stands on the 

 river Adige and is on the main 

 route from Tirol, 13 m. N.W. of 

 Verona. Here, Jan. 14-15, 1797, 

 the French gained a notable vic- 

 tory over the Austrians. After 

 their defeat at Arcola (q.v.), the 

 Austrians gathered their forces 

 for an attack on the French, who 

 had established themselves on the 

 heights of Rivoli. On the morning 

 of Jan. 14, Napoleon began the 

 battle by a charge against the 

 Austrian centre. Ably supported 

 by Joubert and Massena, he in- 

 flicted a crushing defeat, driving 

 the panic-stricken enemy before 

 him and taking over 12,000 pris- 

 oners. Massena earned the title of 

 duke of Rivoli for his services in 

 the battle. 



Rixdorf. Urban district in the 

 dist. of Potsdam, lying S.S.E. of 

 Berlin, of which it forms an outer 

 suburb. In 1912 its name was 

 officially changed to Neukolln. In 

 1737 Moravian emigrants from 

 Bohemia settled here alongside a 

 much older German town of the 

 same name, and the two places 

 form an industrial unit with textile 

 and other manufactures. It is on 

 the Ringbahn (circular rly.) and 

 is also linked with Berlin proper by 

 electric tramways. Pop. 237,000. 



Riyadh. Capital of the emirate 

 of Nejd and Hasa, Arabia. It 

 occupies a depression in the plain, 

 and is almost enclosed with date 

 gardens, which are irrigated by 

 buckets from deep wells. The town 

 is surrounded by high mud-brick 

 walls protected by a ditch, there 

 being six fortified gates. The 

 principal mosque is adjacent to the 

 huge palace of the emir. The 

 people, who number 10,000, are 

 Wahabite Mahomedans. 



Rizal, Jos (1861-96). Fili- 

 pino patriot. Born at Calamba in 

 the Philippines of Malay stock, he 

 was educated at the Jesuit college 

 in Manila. He went to Europe to 

 study medicine and became a skilled 

 optical surgeon. But his studies, 

 begun in Madrid, were extended in 

 Paris, Heidelberg, and Berlin to 

 cover philology and the social in- 

 stitutions of Europe. In Europe 

 he published, in 1886, in Spanish 

 a novel, translated into English as 

 Friars and Filipinos, 1900, which 

 was a powerful indictment of 

 Spanish rule in the Philippines 

 and of the greed and bigotry of the 



664O 



ROACH 



Rivoli. Napoleon and Massena at the battle of Rivoli, Jan. 14, 1797. 

 the painting by H. E. F. Philippoteaux 



From 



religious orders there. He was 

 forced to leave his native island 

 a few months after his return, and 

 published in 1891 ElFilibusterismo, 

 a sequel to his earlier novel. After 

 receiving assurances of personal 

 safety, he returned to Manila in 

 1891, but was banished to Minda- 

 nao on a charge of organizing a 

 secret society. In 1896 he volun- 

 teered for a yellow fever campaign 

 in Cuba, but was seized on the 

 way, brought back, and shot as a 

 traitor, Dec. 30, 1896. 



Rizzio OR RICCIO, DAVID (c. 1533- 

 66). Italian musician, favourite of 

 Mary Queen of Scots. A native 

 of Panicalieri, 

 near Turin, he 

 came to Scot- 

 land as an 

 attendant o f 

 an Italian 

 envoy. He 

 attracted the 

 attention o f 

 Mary, who 

 gave him an 

 appoint m e n t 

 in her court, first as a singer in the 

 chapel, then as a valet de chambre, 

 and finally as secretary. 



This promotion of a foreigner and 

 a Roman Catholic in the royal 

 favour, which took place abotft the 

 time of the marriage with Darnley, 

 roused the suspicions of the Re- 

 formers, and rumours of intrigues 

 with Rome began to grow current. 

 In spite of this, however, his in- 

 fluence at court gradually in- 

 jreased, and by about 1564 he was 

 one of the most powerful persons 

 in the kingdom, rich and haughty. 

 This made the nobles jealous, while 

 Darnley believed that the queen 

 and her servant were lovers. The 

 outcome was a plan to kill Rizzio, 



David Rizzio, 

 Italian musician 



and the deed was carried out, 

 March 9, 1566, at Holyrood, after 

 he had been dragged from Mary's 

 presence. The conspirators showed 

 their vindictiveness by inflicting 56 

 wounds upon the body. See Mary 

 Queen of Scots. 



Rjukanfos (Nor., reeking or 

 foaming fall). Grand cascade of 

 Norway, in Telemarken. It is 

 formed by the river Maane, which 

 makes an almost perpendicular 

 descent of 415 ft. 



R.M. Abbrev. for Resident 

 Magistrate ; Royal Marines. 



R.M.A. Abbrev. for Royal 

 Marine Artillery. 



R.M. L.I. Abbrev. for Royal 

 Marine Light Infantry. 



R.N. Abbrev. for Royal Navy. 



R.N.R. Abbrev. for Royal 

 Naval Reserve. 



R.N.V.R. Abbrev. for Royal 

 Naval Volunteer Reserve. 



Roach (Leuciscus rutilus). Com- 

 mon fresh-water fish. It is found 

 in nearly all the British rivers, and 



Roach. Fish common in British 

 and N. European rivers 



W. S. Berridge.F.Z.S. 



in most European rivers N. of 

 the Alps. It is of silvery colour, 

 with red fins in the adult. It 

 attaches its eggs to aquatic plants, 

 and they hatch out in a week or 

 fortnight, according to the tem- 

 perature. It is a popular fish with 

 the angler, as its wary habits call 

 for considerable skill to take adult 

 specimens, but its qualities as a 

 table fish are poor. 



