RORSCHACH 



rorqual or finner (B. mvsculus) is 

 from 50 ft. to 70 ft. in length, and 

 feeds largely on herrings. Sib- 

 bald's rorqual or blue whale (B. 

 tibbaldii) is the largest whale 

 known, a length of 85 ft. being 

 verified, but greater lengths have 

 been reported. The lesser rorqual 

 (I! rostrata) attains only about 

 30 ft. ; a common British species, 

 Rudolphi's rorqual (B. borealw), 

 about 50 ft, long, is found in the 

 English Channel and occasionally 

 far up the Thames. The blubber 

 yields large quantities of oil, but 

 that of the finner is considered 

 inferior. See Fin-whale; Whale. 



Rorschach. Town of Switzer- 

 land, in the canton of St. Gall. It 

 stands on the S. shore of Lake Con- 

 stance, 62 m. by rly. E. of Zurich 

 and 7 m. N.E. of St. Gall. It has 

 excellent bathing facilities. Above 

 it rises the abbey of Mariaberg, 

 built in the 15th century, and now 

 used as a seminary. Lace and mus- 

 lin are manufactured. Pop. 14,000. 

 Rosa, CARL AUGUST NICOLAS 

 (1842-89). German operatic im- 

 presario. Born at Hamburg, March 

 22, 1842, his 

 original name 

 being Rose, he 

 appeared in 

 England as a 

 violinist, 1854, 

 studied music 

 in Leipzig and 

 Paris, and 

 directed con- 

 certs at Ham- 

 burg, 1863-65. 

 In 1867 he married the singer Eu- 

 phrosyne Parepa (1836-74), and 

 toured in America and Britain. In 

 1875 he formed the Carl Rosa Opera 

 Company (q.v.) to play opera in 

 English in London and most pro- 

 vincial centres. Rosa, who actively 

 promoted composition of English 

 operas, died in Paris, April 30, 

 1889, and his company was con- 

 tinued after his death. 



Rosa, MARTINEZ DE LA. Spanish 

 statesman and author, properly 

 known as Martinez de la Rosa(g.v.). 

 Rosa, SALVATOR (1615-73). Ital- 

 ian painter. Born at Arenella, 

 near Naples, June 20, 1615, he 

 studied under 

 his uncle, 

 Paolo Greco, 

 and his bro- 

 ther-in-law, 

 F rancesco 

 Francanzaro. 

 Adventurous 

 in tempera- 

 ment, he wan- 

 dered much in 

 the mountains 

 of S. Italy studying the wilder 

 aspects of nature. Finding his way 

 to Rome in 1635, he was commis- 



Carl Rosa, German 

 operatic impresario 



Salvator Rosa, 

 Italian painter 



sioned by Cardinal Brancaccia to 

 decorate his palace at Viterbo. In 

 1639 ho was again in Rome, and 

 distinguished himself at the carni- 

 val as actor, poet, and singer. 



His success encouraged him 

 to further efforts. Involved in 

 Masaniello's revolution at Naples 

 in 1647, he was a wanderer for the 

 next few years, but returned to 

 Rome in 1652. Having roused 

 hostility by his satirical verses, he 

 withdrew to Florence, where he 

 lived nine years, painting and 

 writing poetry. He died in Rome, 

 March 15, 1673. Salvator was one 

 of the founders of romantic land- 

 scape. His gloomy mountain and 

 forest scenes, his wild seas and 

 dramatic historical pieces are the 

 reflection of his temperament. One 

 may cite especially his Prometheus 

 (Spada Palace), and his large 

 battle picture in the Louvre. 



Rosaceae. Extensive natural 

 order of trees, shrubs, and herbs, 

 natives of various climates 

 throughout the world. The 

 leaves are mostly alternate, and 

 the flowers are of regular shape. 

 The fruit varies greatly ; it may 

 be either a fleshy pome (apple and 

 pear), a juicy drupe (plum and 

 cherry), many drupes united 

 (blackberry and raspberry), 

 achenes or nutlets on a fleshy re- 

 ceptacle (strawberry), or on a dry 

 receptacle (silverweed, etc.). About 

 2,000 species are known. 



Rosalba. Signature of the 

 Venetian painter, Rosalba Car- 

 riera (q-v.). 



Rosalia. In music, a kind of 

 sequence (q.v.) in which a melody 

 or figure is repeated, each time a 

 degree higher. It derives its name 

 from an Italian folk song, " Rosa- 

 lia, mia cara," in which the melody 

 begins thus : 



Rosalie. Name given by the 

 French soldier to his bayonet. 



Rosalind. Character in Shake- 

 speare's As You Like It. The 

 daughter of the banished duke, 

 she falls in love with Orlando, 

 youngest son of Sir Roland de 

 Bois, at the match in which he 

 overcomes Charles the wrestler, 

 and is afterwards banished by her 

 uncle, the usurping duke. Disguised 

 as a boy, she travels with Celia, her 

 cousin, and Touchstone the clown, 

 to the forest of Arden, where, 

 having met Orlando, and per- 

 suaded him to woo her as if she 

 were his Rosalind, she eventually 

 resumes woman's dress and con- 

 sents to become his wife. See 

 Anderson, M. ; As You Like It. 



Rosamund OR ROSAMOND, call- 

 ed the Fair (c. 1140 -c. 1176). 

 Mistress of Henry II of England. 



A daughter of Walter de Clifford, 

 a knight of the Welsh Border, she 

 was, according to tradition, main- 

 tained at Woodstock, where the 

 king had a palace, and was ac- 

 knowledged by him about 1174. On 

 her death soon after, she was 

 buried in the church of Godstow 

 Nunnery near Oxford. Legend 

 told of a maze or bower built 

 for Rosamund by Henry, to 

 which Queen Eleanor penetrated 

 with the aid of a silken clue, and 

 forced her rival to drink poison. 

 The ruins of the maze in Wood- 

 stock park were shown in the 17th 

 century, and Rosamund's well, a 

 rectangular pool or bath, is still to 

 be seen there. She is introduced 

 in Scott's novel, Woodstock. 



Ros aniline. Basic aniline 

 colouring matter. It occurs in 

 many well-known dyes. Magenta, 

 one of the first red colouring mat- 

 ters obtained from coal-tar, is 

 rosaniline hydrochlorate. When 

 used as dyes for cotton, a mordant 

 of tannin and tartar ^metic is 

 necessary. See Magenta. 



Rosapenna. Village and plea- 

 sure resort of co. Donegal, Ireland. 

 It stands on an opening off the N. 

 coast of the county, and can be 

 reached from Londonderry by car 

 and steamer. In the late 19th 

 century attention was drawn to 

 its beautiful surroundings, and it 

 became popular. There are golf 

 links, and it is a good centre for 

 fishing. 



Rosario. River port and city of 

 Argentina, S. America. It stands 

 on a high bluff on the right bank of 

 the Parana river, 214 m. by river 

 and 175 m. by rly. N.W. of Buenos 

 Aires Six rly. lines radiate from it 

 over the prov. of Santa Fe, of 

 which it is the capital. Its wharves 

 are reached by ocean and tramp 

 steamers as well as by river vessels, 

 and it is the principal port for the 

 N. provinces. It has numerous 

 grain elevators ; wheat, hides, 

 wool, linseed, and other products 

 of the pampas, quebracho, metals, 

 and ores are the main exports. 



The city has an electric tramway 

 service and electric lighting in its 

 spacious streets and avenues. The 

 chief industrial establishments are 

 shoe factories, meat-packing estab- 

 lishments, saw-mills, breweries, 

 tanneries, sugar mills, soap, candle, 

 and grease factories, tobacco and 

 cigar factories, foundries, paper 

 and cardboard factories, brick, 

 tile, and cement works. Pop. 

 230,000. 



Rosary (late Lat. rosarium, 

 chaplet of roses). Device for as- 

 sisting in the repetition of prayers. 

 Largely used by Hindus and Mos- 

 lems, the practice of counting 

 prayers by beads was probably 



