introduced into Christendom by 

 the Crusaders, though tradition 

 says that a direct revelation for 

 its institution was made to S. 

 Dominic (q.v.). The form in com- 



Juan Manuel Rosas, 



Rosary used in the R.C. Church, 

 with five decades and crucifix attache? 



mon use in the R.C. Church is a 

 string threaded with 50 small 

 beads divided into groups of ten 

 by larger beads. The former repre- 

 sent Ave Marias, the latter Pater 

 Nosters, and at the end of each 

 decade is said the doxology. This 

 series of prayers is itself called a 

 rosary, and many indulgences are 

 attached to the repetition of it. 

 Appended to most 

 rosaries, which are 

 formed in a loop, 

 but not strictly a 

 part, is a string 

 with one large and 

 three small beads, 

 and terminated 

 with a crucifix. 

 The prayers repre- 

 sented by these 

 beads are repeated 

 before the rosary 

 is recited. 



67O 1 



Rosas, JUAN MANUEL (1793- 

 1877). Argentine statesman. Born 

 at Buenos Aires, March 30. 1793. 

 he acquired a 

 cattle run, and 

 to protect him- 

 self against the 

 hostile Indians 

 o r g anized an 

 armed force of 

 followerswhich 

 ultimately 

 gave him great 

 power. He was 



made governor Argentine statesman 

 of the state of Buenos Aires, and 

 in 1835 was chosen dictator of 

 Argentina He ruled with great 

 cruelty, never sparing his enemies, 

 and by mixing in the affairs of 

 Uruguay he brought about the 

 interference of Britain and France. 

 In 1849 he secured peace with those 

 Powers, but in 1852 a riva), 

 Urquizas, defeated him, and Rosas 

 fled to England, where he passed 

 his concluding years at South- 

 ampton, dying March 14, 1877. 



Roscher, WILHELM (1817-94). 

 German economist. Born at 

 Hanover, Oct. 21, 1817, he studied 

 at Gottingen, where he became 

 professor of political economy in 

 1843, moving to a similar chair at 

 Leipzig four years later. He wrote 

 largely on his subject, his principal 

 work being System der Volkswirt- 

 schaft (1854-94), which was widely 

 translated, the first vol. being pub- 

 lished in English as Science of Poli- 

 tical Economy Historically Treated, 

 1878. Roscher died June 4, 1894. 



Rosario, Argentina. Plaza 25 de Mayo, looking towards 

 the cathedral. Top, right, the law courts 



Roscius (d. 62 

 B.C.). Roman 

 comic actor, whose 

 full name was 

 Quintus Roscius 

 Gallus. He was 

 born a slave at 

 Solonium near 

 Lanuvium, and 

 reached a perfec- 

 tion in his art that 

 became proverb- 

 ial. He obtained 

 the favour of the 

 dictator Sulla and 

 enj oyed the friend- 

 ship of Cicero, who 



Sir Henry Roscoe. 

 British chemist 



Elliott & Fry 



ROSCOE 



took lessons from him in his younger 

 days and subsequently defended 

 him in an action. 



The name has been applied to 

 many well-known actors, such as 

 Richard Burbage ; David Garrick ; 

 William Henry Betty, the young 

 Roscius ; and Ira Aldridge, an 

 American negro. 



Roscoe, SIK HENRY ENFIELD 

 (1833-1915). British chemist and 

 politician. Born in London, Jan. 

 7, 1833, and educated at Univer- 

 sity College, London, and at 

 Heidelberg under Bunsen, he was 

 appointed in 1857 professor of 

 chemistry at Owens College, Man- 

 chester, which afterwards became 

 the university. With this univer- 

 sity he was 

 afterwards 

 connected for 

 the rest of his 

 life. He first 

 prepared pure 

 metallic vana- 

 dium and con- 

 ducted other 

 original re- 

 searches, but 

 he is best 

 known as a 

 teacher of chemistry and an edu- 

 cationist. 



Roscoe was a member of the 

 royal commission on technical 

 instruction which resulted in the 

 passing of the Technical Instruc- 

 tion Act in 1889 and the grant of 

 money needed for the new system 

 of education. Roscoe was knighted 

 in 1884 and represented S. Man- 

 chester in the House of Commons, 

 1885-95. His Elementary Lessons 

 in Chemistry and Treatise on 

 Chemistry, the latter written in 

 collaboration with Schorlemmer, 

 are the best known chemical 

 works of their kind. He died 

 Dec. 18, 1915. See his Life and 

 Experiences, 1906 ; consult also 

 Life, E. Thorpe, 1916. 



Roscoe, WILLIAM (1753-1831). 

 English historian. Born at Liver- 

 pool, March 8, 1753, he was an 

 attorney by 

 profession and 

 latterly a 

 partner in a 

 Liverpool 

 bank, a con- 

 nexion which 

 proved finan- 

 cially disas- 

 trous. His 

 chief works 

 are his Life of 

 L o r e n zo the A * ttr J - ** 

 Magnificent, 1796, and Life and 

 Pontificate of Leo X, 1805, and a 

 botanical treatise, 1828. His col- 

 lected Poems were published in 

 1857. Roscoe died June 30, 1831. 

 See Life, 2 vols., H. Roscoe, 1883. 



