ROSE 



first holder of the Vere Harms- 

 worth chair of Naval History there 

 in 1919. A leading authority on 

 the history of the Napoleonic 

 period, his chief works include The 

 Rise of Democracy, 1897 ; Life of 

 Napoleon I, 1902; William Pitt 

 and the National Revival, 1911 ; 

 Nationality as a Factor in Modern 

 History, 1916 ; and contributions to 

 The Cambridge Modern History. To 

 this Encyclopedia he contributes 

 the article on Napoleon. See Port. 

 Gallery of Contributors. 



Rose, WILLIAM KINNAIRD (1845- 

 1919). British journalist. Of 

 Ayrshire origin, he joined the 

 staff of The Scotsman in early 

 life, and in the Russo-Turkish 

 War represented that journal. 

 He took part in many subsequent 

 campaigns, and in the Greco- 

 Turkish War his vivid account of 

 the retreat from Larissa was rightly 

 accepted as a journalistic classic. 

 Although a member of the Scottish 

 bar he never practised, except as 

 junior in the Ardlamont murder 

 trial, all his energies being devoted 

 to journalism, including seven years 

 as editor of The Brisbane Courier. 

 In his later years he was a member 

 of the press gallery in the House of 

 Commons, and a contributor to 

 this work. He died Nov., 1919. 



Rose and the Ring, THE. 

 Burlesque fairy story by W. M. 

 Thackeray, first published in 1855. 

 Written and illustrated for the 

 amusement of children, the story 

 is the most successful of the great 

 novelist's short Christmas books. 

 In it he was at his happiest both as 

 a master of literary burlesque and 

 as comic draughtsman. 



Rose Apple (Eugenia jambos). 

 Evergreen tree of the natural order 

 Myrtaceae. A native of Malaya, it 

 attains a height of 20-30 ft., and 

 has oval or lance-shaped, stalked 

 leaves. The four-petalled white 

 flowers are borne on short leafy 

 shoots in clusters of three or five, 

 and are succeeded by more or less 

 oval red fruits, about an inch across, 

 containing one or two poisonous 



6704 



Rose Apple. Leaves, buds, and 

 flowers. Inset, fruit 



species, known 

 as the Malay Apple (Eugenia malac- 

 censis), with red or pink flowers, 

 has more fleshy fruit. A native of 

 Malaya, it has become naturalised 

 in the West Indies. 



Rosebery, EARL OF. Scottish 

 title borne by the family of Prim- 

 rose since 1703. Archibald Prim- 

 rose (d. 1679), a baronet, became a 

 lord of session, and lord clerk 

 register. His son, Archibald (1664- 

 1723), a supporter of the union of 

 England and Scotland, was made 

 an earl in 1703. The title passed to 

 his descendants, and Archibald 

 John, the 4th earl, was made a 

 peer of the United Kingdom in 

 1828. His son and heir, Lord 

 Dalmeny, a Whig M.P., pre- 

 deceased his father, so when the 

 latter died in 1868 his successor 

 was his grandson. Dalmeny, near 

 Edinburgh, has been the property 

 of the Primroses for 300 years. See 

 Dalmeny ; Mentmore. 



Rosebery, ARCHIBALD PHILIP 

 PRIMROSE, 5TH EARL OF (b. 1847). 

 British statesman. Born in London, 

 May 7, 1847, he was the son of 

 Archibald, Lord Dalmeny (1809- 

 51 ), by his marriage with Catherine 

 (d. 1901), daughter of the 4th 

 Earl Stanhope, who became 

 duchess of Cleveland. He was thus 

 related to Lady Hester Stanhope, 

 the niece of Pitt. Educated at a 

 school at Brighton, Eton, and 

 Christ Church, Oxford, he left 

 Oxford in 1868 without a degree, 

 and in the same year succeeded 

 his grandfather as earl. 



In 1871 the earl attracted atten- 

 tion by thoughtful speeches. A 

 wealthy marriage and the fricnd- 



ROSEBERY 



ship of Gladstone added to his im- 

 portance in political circles, and in 

 1881 he took office as under-secre- 

 tary to the home office. He re- 

 signed in 1883, but in 1884 entered 

 the Cabinet as first commissioner 

 of works, becoming in 1885 lord 

 privy seal. Adhering to Gladstone 

 when Home Rule was introduced, 

 he became foreign secretary in 

 1886, but the speedy fall of the 

 ministry placed him and his col- 

 leagues in opposition. In 1892 he 

 returned to the foreign office, and 

 in 1894, on Gladstone's retirement, 

 he became prime minister. 



A small majority in the Com- 

 mons and a leader in the Lords 

 were sufficient to impair the 

 stability of the Rosebery ministry, 

 but there were further reasons for 

 its weakness. Its leading men did 

 not work together harmoniously, 

 and the character and policy of 

 Rosebery, his sympathy with the 

 ideas summed up as imperialism, 

 and his ownership of racehorses, 

 made himsuspect to many Liberals. 

 The upshot was the resignation 

 of the ministry in June, 1895. 

 Rosebery retained the leadership 

 of the party until 1896, when he 

 formally resigned. 



Rosebery never returned to regu- 

 lar political life, although there 

 were occasions when it seemed as if 

 he would. One such was after he 

 had made a notable speech at Ches- 

 terfield in 1901, and another was in 

 1905, when, after some tentative 

 advances on both sides, he definitely 

 declined to accept Sir H. Camp- 

 bell-Bannerman's programme. To 

 support the conclusion of the S. 

 African War he placed himself at 

 the head of the imperialistic sec- 

 tion of the Liberal party, and later 

 he came out in opposition to the 

 fiscal proposals of Chamberlain. 

 He denounced the Budget of 1909, 

 but his public appearances became 

 fewer until he almost sank out of 

 sight. When he did speak, how- 

 ever, he was heard and read with 

 great eagerness, and on occasions 

 his support of a line of foreign 

 policy was of the highest value. In 

 1889 he became the first chairman 

 of the London County Council, a 

 position hi which his gifts were seen 

 at their best. He resigned in 1890. 



Rosebery attained eminence as 

 a man of letters. His speeches on 

 literary and kindred subjects 

 were felicitous in phrase and full of 

 thought, while his books show a 

 wide historical knowledge, insight, 

 judgement, and power. The chief 

 are the monograph on Pitt ; Sir 

 Robert Peel, 1899; Napoleon, the 

 Last Phase, 1904 ; Lord Randolph 

 Churchill, 1906 ; and Chatham, 

 1910. His Miscellanies, Literary 

 and Historical, appeared in 1921. 



