ROSMINI-SERBATI 



67O9 



ROSSA 



the latter year lie was appointed to 

 New South Wales, whence, in 1879, 

 lie was transferred to New Zealand, 

 and to Cape Colony in 1881. There 

 he found himself faced with native 

 and Boer difficulties which came 

 to a crisis in 1884. Retiring in 

 1889, he was reappointed to South 

 Africa in the difficult times of 1895. 

 Created a peer in 1896, he retired 

 early in 1897, and died Oct. 28 

 of the same year. 



Rosmini-Serbati, ANTONIO 

 (1797-1855). Italian philosopher 

 and theologian. Born at Rovereto. 

 March 25, 

 1797, he 

 studied at 

 Pavia and 

 Padua, be- 

 came a priest 

 in 1821, and 

 in 1828 foun- 

 ded the In- 

 stitute of the 

 Brethren of A. Rosmini-Serbati, 

 Charity, an Italian philosopher 

 order more generally known as 

 Rosminians. The English centre 

 is S. Etheldreda's, Ely Place, 

 London. For his philosophical 

 views Rosmini was attacked by the 

 Jesuits, for his advanced political 

 and social ideas by the Austrians. 

 Against empiricism and sensualism 

 he propounded a system of ideal 

 ism, issuing from the thinking self 

 (psychologism). The knowledge of 

 the real is conditioned by the ideas. 

 He died July 1, 1855. His 

 numerous works include A New 

 Essay on the Origin of Ideas, 1830, 

 Eng. trans., 3 vols., 1883-84; and 

 Psychology, 1846-48, Eng. trans., 

 3 vols., 1884-88. 



Ross. Market town and urban 

 dist. of Herefordshire, England. It 

 stands on the Wye, 12 m. from 

 Hereford, with a 

 station on the 

 G.W. Rly. The 

 chief buildings 

 are the church of 

 S. Mary the Vir- 

 gin, a fine old 

 building in the 

 Ross. Seal of the or- Decorated and 

 ban district council Perpendicular 

 styles, and the picturesque market 

 house. The man of Ross, John 

 Kyrle (q.r. ), is buried in the church, 

 near which is Prospect Walk. The 

 town has manufactures of agricul 

 tural implements, boots, and flour, 

 and annual fairs are held. Market 

 day, Thurs. Pop. 4,700. 



Ross. Famous Scottish earl- 

 dom. It came into existence when 

 a certain Malcolm was made earl 

 of the district now represented by 

 Ross-shire by King Malcolm IV 

 about 1164. It passed from one 

 lord to another until about 1430, 

 when James I gave it to Alexander 



Sir Hen Ross, 

 British soldier 



Macdonald, lord of the isles. In 

 1476 the Macdonalds lost it, and in 

 1481 it was given to James, a 

 younger son of James III. He was 

 made duke of Ross, but after his 

 time the title died out. 



Ross, ADRIAN (b. 1859). Pen- 

 name, for his theatrical writings, 

 of Arthur Reed Ropes (q.v). 



Ross, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE 

 (1779-1868). British soldier. Born 

 July 8, 1779, he was educated at 

 the royal mili- 

 tary academy, 

 Woolwich, and 

 entered the 

 R.H.A. in 1795. 

 In 1809 he went 

 to Spain, tak 

 ing part also in 

 the Waterloo 

 campaign, after 

 which he held 

 important com- 

 mands at home until he retired 

 in 1858. He died Dec. 10, 1868. 



Ross, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800- 

 62). British explorer. Born in 

 London, April 15, 1800, he went to 

 sea at the age of 12 and served in 

 the Arctic expeditions of W. E. 

 Parry (q.v.), 1821-27. Member of 

 Booth's expedition of 1829-33, he 

 discovered the magnetic pole in 

 1831. In 1839 

 he was given 

 command of 

 an Antarctic 

 expedition 

 with the 

 Erebus and 

 Terror ves- 

 sels, dis- 

 covering Vic- 

 toria Land and 

 Mt. Erebus, 

 and reporting that the South Pole 

 was unattainable. Knighted on his 

 return, 1843, he published A 

 Voyage of Discovery in the 

 Southern and Antarctic Seas, 1847. 

 He died April 3, 1862. 



Ross, SIR JOHN (1777-1856). 

 British explorer. Born June 24, 

 1777, he entered the navy when a 



Sir James Ross, 

 British explorer 



Ross, Herefordshire. Parish church 

 of S. Wary the Virgin 



boy. In com- 

 mand of the 

 Isabella, he 

 was sent in 

 1818 to dis- 

 cover the 

 north - west 

 passage, but 

 after passing 

 Baffin Bay he 

 returned. In 

 1829 he com- 

 manded the 

 Victory, a 

 paddle s t e a- 

 mer, on a similar voyage. After 

 three years spent in the ice amid 

 great hardships, he was picked up 

 by a whaler and returned home. 

 Ross was knighted for his services, 

 and in 1851 was promoted rear- 

 admiral, having taken part in a 

 search for Franklin in the previous 

 year. He died Aug. 30, 1856. He 

 wrote the Narrative of a Second 

 Voyage in Search of a North-West 

 Passage, 1835. 



Ross, MARTIN. Pseudonym of 

 Violet Florence Martin (d. 1915), 

 Irish novelist. Educated at Alex- 

 andra College, 

 Dublin, she 

 spent her early 

 years at Ross, 

 co. G a 1 w a y, 

 which place 

 provided her 

 pen - name in 

 her long col - 

 labo ration, 

 which began in 

 1887, with her 

 cousin Edith Oenone Somerville 

 (q.v.). She died Dec. 21, 1915. 



Ross, SIR RONALD (b. 1857). 

 British physician. Born May 13, 

 1857, and educated at S. Bar- 

 tholomew's 

 Hospital, Lon- 

 don, he entered 

 the Indian 

 Medical Ser- 

 vice, 1881, and 

 took up the 

 study of ma- 

 laria. In 1897- 

 98 he disco- 

 vered the life 

 history of 

 malaria para- 

 sites in mosquitoes, and hi 1899 

 he was leader of the expedition to 

 W. Africa. Ross was awarded the 

 Nobel prize for medicine in 1902. 

 Throughout the Great War he had 

 the sole control in connexion with 

 malaria problems. He was made 

 K.C.B., 1911, and K.C.M.G., 1918. 

 Rossa, O'DONOVAN (1831-1915). 

 Irish Fenian leader. Born at Ross- 

 car bery, co. Cork, his real name 

 was Jeremiah O'Donovan, and he 

 early became connected with the 

 Fenian brotherhood. Sentenced 



Sir Ronald Ross, 

 British physician 



Elliott & Fry 



