512 SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT. 



taking in the ground covered by Lotze's medical 

 psychology as well as by Helmholtz's physiology of 

 hearing and seeing; added a large number of measure- 

 ments of his own, some of them quite original, such as 

 those referring to the time-sense, many of them in con- 

 firmation and extension of Fechner's collection of facts ; 

 invented new methods and new apparatus ; brought the 

 whole subject into connection with general physiology, as 

 also with the more exclusively introspective psychology 

 of the older, notably the English and Scottish, schools ; 

 and pointed to the necessary completion which these in- 

 vestigations demand from the several neighbouring fields 

 32. of research. Through his labours " physiological psycho- 



Physio- 



logicai logy " as an independent science has for the first time 



psychology. 



become possible. The influence of his great work on 

 this subject, as also of his teaching and demonstra- 

 tions, has been very stimulating. With its place in the 

 history of philosophical thought I shall have to deal in .a 

 later portion of this history. At present I will merely 

 refer to the leading ideas and contributions it contains to 

 our scientific reasoning on the psycho-physical problem. 



Wundt approached psychological research from the 

 side of physiology ; l his earlier writings referred to the 



taken up in England in single in- 

 stances e.g., by G. H. Lewes and 

 Dr H. Maudsley, the former in 

 favour of Positivism, the latter on 

 the foundation of his ' Physiology 

 and Pathology of Mind' (1st ed., 

 1867). 



1 The researches of Wundt and 

 the earlier work of Fechner re- 

 mained practically unknown in 

 this country up to the time of 

 the appearance of the periodical 

 'Mind,' edited by Prof. Croom 



Robertson, in 1876, under the 

 generous patronage of Prof. Bain. 

 Even Lotze and Herbart were 

 hardly known in this country. 

 A similar disregard of English 

 psychology existed in Germany. 

 The foremost writers on the his- 

 tory of modern philosophy, such as 

 Erdmann and Ueberweg, wrote as 

 if modern philosophic including 

 psychological thought existed 

 only in Germany. Even the 

 singularly impartial and unbiassed 



