ON THE STATISTICAL VIEW OF NATURE. 549 



Scientific inquiry in biology and psycho- physics has 

 thus advanced on the lines indicated in the earlier 

 chapters, where it was shown how several positive 

 scientific conceptions have been gained, defined, and 

 applied. These conceptions are all generalisations based 

 upon definite observable facts of nature, such as attrac- 

 tion, atomic constitution, motion (rectilinear, periodic, 

 and rotational), energy, form, and change of form, 1 and 

 they have given rise to great branches of science, con- 

 taining special methods of thought and reasoning. They 

 have all shown themselves accessible, in a greater or 

 less degree, to mathematical treatment, and have con- 

 sequently been the means of introducing the exact 

 scientific spirit into large fields of research, into ever 



1 The statement in the text is 

 not strictly correct ; for of the six 

 definite conceptions mentioned we 

 really, even in single cases, only 

 see two exemplified viz., motion 

 and form. Neither attraction, nor 

 the atom, nor energy, nor develop- 

 ment is, even in single cases, 

 observable, though, with the ex- 

 ception of energy, they are very 

 early and very familiar abstrac- 

 tions. This remark may suggest 

 that motion and form are, at least 

 for the present, the simplest and 

 most obvious conceptions into 

 which we can analyse or resolve 

 all external observations, and that 

 consequently kinetics and mor- 

 phology may be the fundamental 

 sciences, the first in natural phil- 

 osophy, the latter in natural his- 

 tory or biology in the widest sense. 

 That a kinetic view will gradually 

 supervene in natural philosophy 

 is, I think, generally admitted. 

 It seems less generally conceded 

 that morphology will supervene in 

 biology ; especially as all the rage 



is just now for evolution and de- 

 velopment. But as development 

 must start from something, it is 

 likely that it will lead back to 

 morphology. As tending in this 

 direction I read the expositions of 

 Lotze, Claude Bernard, and the 

 " Organicists." Organisation must 

 mean a certain arrangement, and 

 arrangement is ultimately the same 

 as order, structure, or form. It 

 may mean something more viz., 

 unity or centredness ; but this is a 

 conception not capable of a purely 

 mechanical or geometrical defini- 

 tion ; we know of it only through 

 introspection. A great deal has 

 been written on Morphology and 

 Morphogenesis by that very sug- 

 gestive author, Hans Driesch ; see 

 a list of his writings, supra, p. 456 

 note. I here only refer to them ; 

 for, being myself unable clearly to 

 apprehend his main drift, I hesitate 

 to quote him as confirming the 

 argument of this note. The reader 

 must judge for himself. 



