ON THE PRICE OF FARM PRODUCE. 363 



entry of a pot of strawberries, the first mention of this fruit, at 

 ^\d. In 1535 I find strawberries at is. t iod., and 8d. the 

 gallon, and fourteen pounds of cherries bought for i s. In 1527, 

 at the Windsor feast, 200 wardens are bought on Feb. 25, 1528,- 

 at 2s. 6d. the hundred; in 1529, 100 pears at is., 400 at 6d., 

 600 at ^d. ; in 1530 a bushel of wardens at is. id., a hundred at 

 $d. In 1532 I find a bushel of walnuts at Durham bought for 

 3^-4^., and five bushels of wardens at Sion at is. 8J</. In 

 1536 I find oranges and cucumbers at Birling in Essex, priced 

 without quantities, and seven bushels of wardens in Oxford at 

 is. Sion in 1537 buys the same quantity at is. 6d. In 1557-8 

 cherries are bought in London (July) at id. the lb., and next 

 year, at the same place and time, at $d. In 1569 quinces are 

 found for the first time, 31 being bought for 3^. 8d. In 1575 

 100 pears cost 6d., and 200 wardens are bought at is. 6d. the 

 hundred. These are the last entries of fruit. 



GREASE AND FAT. The accounts contain entries of various 

 kinds of hard and soft fats, the former being generally known as 

 cebum, cepum, and latterly tallow, the latter pinguedo or lard. 

 The principal use of the latter was for sheep dressing, when it 

 is bought in large quantities to mix with tar, and is some- 

 times called pinguedo alba. It is bought by the gallon 

 and the pound, sometimes by the wey and stone, the stone 

 being occasionally 8 Ibs. in weight, and the wey containing 20 

 such stones. In the Coleshull account of 1499 tne gallon of 

 pinguedo is said to contain 12 Ibs. The price varies from i\d. 

 to id. the lb., though the commonest price in the early period is 

 id. Thirty entries of pinguedo between 1426 and 1499 8^ ve an 

 average of is. $\d. the dozen pounds, nine entries of pinguedo 

 or unctum by the gallon give an average of io^d. An average 

 of 25 entries of cepum or hard fat by the stone is nearly 8f^., 

 and as the wey contains twenty such stones, it appears that the 

 stone should be a little over 1 1 Ibs. But, as I have stated, at 

 Cambridge and S. Osyth in 1502 and 1521, it is said that the 

 stone is 8 Ibs., and in this case the wey of tallow would be 

 1 60 Ibs. Cebum is sometimes sold to shoemakers and at a 



