AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND TOOLS. 415 



stakes to which withy or hazel rings locked the frame of the 

 hurdle, as it does in our own day. My accounts also supply me 

 with certain entries of iron saules ; in 1426 when one was 

 bought for lod. ; in 1433 when another cost is. ; in 1445 and 

 1446 when they are bought for $d* and Sd. In the case of the 

 cheapest, I conclude that the entry is of a stake shod with iron. 

 Iron crows are found in 1442 at is. Jd., and in 1578 at 4^. 

 The older name seems to have entirely gone out of use. It 

 is not at least found in the glossaries. I do not find in 

 the later accounts, as I did in those of the fourteenth cen- 

 tury, that the manufacture of hurdles was carried on by the 

 land-owners and the produce sold. The great proprietors of 

 the later period traded, and that largely, in wool and corn, but 

 seem to have entirely abandoned such manufactures as they 

 formerly established. 



LANTERNS. These articles were needed for the shepherd 

 in the lambing season, as well as for the stable. Thus the 

 sheep-master at Coleshull buys two at 6d. each in 1425. The 

 shepherd at Alton Barnes pays yd. for one in 1430. The 

 bailiff of Sutton-at-Hone pays the same price in 1440. 

 But the lanterns bought by King's College in 1454 and 1457, 

 for is. 6d. and yd., are for the college and the college stable. 

 Others are bought in 1476, 1488, 1494, 1491, and 1496, at lod. 

 each for various purposes. A lantern for the College hall at 

 Cambridge in 1478 costs 2s. 4^.; as New College had bought 

 a great lantern in 1413 for the College hall. Magdalen College, 

 Oxford, again gives as. for a lantern in 1505, and in 1509 

 King's College again buys stable lanterns at 6d. In 1517 

 Magdalen buys two at Sd., and in 1519 two at yd. In 1533 

 Sion buys four at jd. and one at 6d., and in 1524 one for the 

 porter at Sd. In 1526 Magdalen College buys two lanterns at 

 yd., and in 1528 Sutterton pays is. In 1530 two more are 

 bought in Oxford at y\d. In 1532 a lantern and a wire to hang 

 it by is purchased in London for nd. In 1534 a stable lantern 

 at Oxford costs Sd. Henceforth the entries become numerous. 

 But the price does not materially rise. Five are bought at Sd., 



