AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND TOOLS. 429 



ell and the yard. But unless the quality or quantity varied, no 

 very different price results from the use of either measure, for 

 during the earlier period the entries of hair-cloth by the yard 

 give 55-. >]d. the dozen, and those by the ell give $s. 6\d. A 

 few entries after 1541 give an average of Ss. $d. One entry by 

 the ell in 1452, when the highest price is recorded, states that 

 the cloth was yard wide. Two entries of oast-cloths, in 1410 

 and 1462, are priced at 4^. and 2s. id. 



In 1431 New College purchases brewing vessels, under the 

 names of a mash fat, for 6s. iod., a wort fat for 2,s., a 

 1 Gilleding ' tub for 2s. 6d., and two tunning barrels at %d. each, 

 a leaden boiler for 24^., another for 12^., and a great copper 

 beer pot for 13.9. ^d. In 1454 King's College, Cambridge, 

 buys two mash fats at 24^. each, a ' closing ' fat for i6s., twenty- 

 four ' curselyns ' at is., two * soys' at is., and two mash 'rothers ' 

 at is. 6d. each, and in 1541 a mash fat for 2,s. \\d. In 1577 a 

 horse mill to grind malt costs the latter college 5 los. ^d. 

 But some corporations for example, All Souls regularly buy 

 their beer. 



Two fans are bought in 1409 at two different places, 

 each at $s. A vannus in 1487 at ii\d., another in 1508 at 

 is. $d., another in 1521 at is. id. A ventilabrum in 1484 

 costs 8d., a chum in 1495, &/., and a hundred pig rings in 

 1418, ^d. ; coagulum and rennet in 1463 are purchased at ^d. 

 and iid. 



MEASURES. The statutes frequently prescribed (see above, 

 202 sqq.) that the township should be provided with standard 

 measures. The accounts give occasional entries of these 

 articles, frequently denoting that they are iron bound. They 

 are found only in the earlier period, and are described as 

 gallon, peck, and bushel measures. Scales and weights, especially 

 for gold, are occasionally purchased. Thus in 1421 two pairs of 

 gold scales are bought for yd. each at Oxford, and other scales 

 at Cambridge for the same purpose in 1424. In 1456 King's 

 College buys a pair of scales for the treasury for i s. 8d. In 1482 

 Oxford buys a pair of gold scales for 5^. ; in 1490 a beam and 



