6lO SUNDRY ARTICLES. 



table ios., and four forms is. %d. each, and in the same year 

 twelve sedilia cost zs. each. These articles must have been of 

 far ruder and cheaper workmanship than the hall table purchased 

 by All Souls in 1550 for 6$s. 4^., which College also bought 

 a table for the Warden's bedchamber at a cost of i2s. in 1571. 

 Chairs and seats were provided occasionally with cushions. 

 Thus six cushions in 1431 cost 'jd. each at Oxford, and in 1532 

 twelve were bought at Durham at zs. 6d. each. In 1569 pul- 

 vinaria are bought in the same year by two Oxford colleges 

 at ios. each. These variations in value must denote very 

 different articles. In 1431 a hanging in the hall with a border 

 cost i is. In 157 1 a hanging for the bedchamber of the Warden 

 of All Souls, apparently Hoveden, was purchased for ^4. 



A basin and ewer was generally placed at the further end 

 of the hall, and a jacktowel was hung on a roller near it. In 

 1410 a basin and ewer cost u<, and must have been made of 

 some cheap material, perhaps wood. In 1446 they cost 8s. ; in 

 1493, 4 s - 1 in I 5^4> fo 4^- 5 in *574 9^ These articles were 

 probably made of copper or brass. A jacktowel of five ells is 

 found under 1424 at a cost of 3.$-. \\d. In 1569 a 'rundle' for 

 such a towel cost 8d. Again, a lavatorium in 1548 costs 3.$-. ; a 

 laver in 1448, is. %d. ; and three others, 4^. 8d. together. 



The hall fireplace was very frequently, as it remained till 

 recent times in some of the Cambridge colleges, a frame of iron 

 set in the centre of the hall, and fed with charcoal, the fumes 

 escaping through a lantern in the roof. But fireplaces and grates 

 in chimneys were also used. Sometimes the open hearth, 

 in which wood was burnt, was furnished with a pair of andirons. 

 Such a pair was supplied to the chamber of the Abbot of 

 Fountains in 1454, at a cost of $s. 4^. In 1559 the fellows 

 of Corpus College, Oxford, bought a pair for their hall for 23^. 

 ^d. In 1570 King's College gives iSs. 6d. for two pair with 

 shovel and tongs, and in 1576 andirons at Magdalen cost 3^. 

 A pair of andirons for the kitchen at Hornchurch cost 4^. in 

 1416. The sizes must have greatly varied. 



Chafing-dishes or calefactoria were also used. I find ten 



