708 ON THE COST OF CARRIAGE. 



6s. 4d. In 1446 a millstone is carried from Colchester to Takley, 

 and thence to Hornchurch, about seventy miles, for 13.$-. Sd. 

 In 1448 a millstone is carried from Lymington to Roydon, 

 probably one of the places of this name in Essex, and therefore 

 perhaps by water, for Ss. In 1454 another is conveyed from 

 London to Horsham for 5^. Sd. The distance is about forty- 

 eight miles. In 1499 another is carried from Henley-on- 

 Thames to Mildenhall in Suffolk, a place near a hundred miles 

 away, for us. Sd. In 1529 a great stone mortar is carried to 

 Sion from Wilton for 3.$-. ^d. In 1540 two millstones are con- 

 veyed from London to Birchanger at 6s. Sd. each. The 

 distance is about thirty-three miles. In 1552 two millstones 

 are carried from Banbury to Oxford, twenty-two and a half 

 miles, for 5^. But between 1567 and 1581 the cost of carrying 

 six millstones from London to Oxford (supra, p. 426) is 38^. lod. 

 each. I cannot but infer that in this case the conveyance was 

 entirely by land. In 1535 the Charterhouse pays 8s. for the 

 conveyance of two 'fardels' to Hull, and 3.$-. $d. for two 

 fardels from Hull. It is not clear whether this carriage is by 

 land or water. 



CART HIRE BY THE DAY. Thirty-three entries of this 

 service, sometimes described as of cart and horses and two 

 men, sometimes as cart in harvest time, occasionally as timber 

 cart, give, between 1401 and 1536, an average of a little over 

 is. $\d. a day. Carts in harvest, at timber carriage, and those 

 hired occasionally, are at higher rates than those for common 

 work, or for continuous employment. There are slight-differences 

 traceable to locality. The Heyford hirings are at low rates, as 

 low as lod. a day, once (1416) for eight days at Sd. London 

 prices are slightly higher. Altogether, we may conclude that a 

 cart and two horses, with one or two men, was expected to go 

 and return about 15 to 20 miles in a day for is. $\d. 



I have found no direct evidence of carts by the day in the 

 later period. But it may be inferred that the price paid for 

 cart hire during the last forty-two years was not quite double 

 the rate of the above average. Journeys from London to 



