1NTRODUCTOR Y. 25 



an account of their receipts and expenditure, this being 

 annually engrossed by a competent scribe and as regularly 

 audited. In other words, the head, whether Warden or 

 Provost, and the Fellows, were not only to be men of letters, 

 but to be men of business, who should, in return for their main- 

 tenance and allowances, look sharply after the interests of the 

 societies whose affairs they administered. Thus, at Winchester 

 and Eton a Warden and Provost with Fellows were added to 

 the great school foundations which Wykeham and Henry the 

 Sixth, the latter exactly following Wykeham's model, founded. 

 The schoolmasters and ushers could not be spared for the 

 necessary business of the college. The Warden or Provost 

 and Fellows were to attend to the property of the society. 



Now the first, and of course the greatest, charge on the 

 foundation was the maintenance of its inmates, all of whom 

 were to be provided for out of the revenues. These were the 

 head, the fellows, the scholars, the charge of divine worship, 

 and the servants ; though in the schools, if the rents fell 

 off, the scholars were to be the last to go. Then come building 

 charges and repairs, and a mass of outgoings generally grouped 

 under the head of Necessary Expenses. The satisfaction of 

 these items absorbed from three-fourths to four-fifths of the 

 income. Then come the money allowances, fixed and small, 

 the clothing of the principal persons in the foundation being 

 early commuted to another money allowance. The residue 

 was saved, and remained in the custody of the bursars, being 

 a liability of theirs till the audit was over and their successors 

 received the balances. 



In early days, and generally to near the middle of the 



ntccnth century, the beneficiaries of a corporation had 

 nothing beyond their statutory allowances, except in cases 

 where the college permitted non-residence, and, as was done 

 for example at Merton College, voted some of their fellows 

 allowances from the college funds for foreign travel and foreign 



ice. It was by these means originally that Bodley, Savile, 

 and Wootton were employed in diplomacy by Elizabeth. 



