TRADE AND MARKETS. 145 



in the establishment by Act of Parliament of January, 1699, of 

 the English East India Company, for a few years the successful 

 rival of the old Company, with which at last it was amalga- 

 mated. The old Company received a fresh and exclusive 

 charter in 1661 from the Crown. 



In 1668, Charles granted that part of the dower of Ca- 

 therine of Braganza in India which consisted of Bombay and 

 Salsette to the East India Company, and thus secured the 

 Company another inlet into Hindostan. At nearly the same 

 time, the trade in logwood, cut in the Bay of Campeachy, 

 became a matter of considerable importance. In 1664 the 

 English captured New Amsterdam (now New York) from the 

 Dutch, and thus the line of the American plantations on the 

 eastern sea-board from New England to Carolina became an 

 English dependency, and was brought under the colonial system, 

 some of the plantations being chartered, some proprietary. 

 The Dutch war of 1664, disastrous to both nations, but most 

 to Holland, was ended by a peace in 1667; and in 1668 the 

 famous Triple Alliance was formed, though it was broken by 

 the unprovoked war of 1672. 



Perhaps one of the best proofs of how steadily wealth was 

 increasing with the commerce of England was the rapid 

 rebuilding of London after the great fire, the loss of which 

 was computed at 1 2,000,000 sterling. But, in fact, the remains 

 of the old Puritan party lived and throve in the towns. They 

 were the men who found the money for the Parliamentary 

 War, they were the men who saved the money from which not 

 only the city was rebuilt, but the Revolution was established. 

 The noble traitors of 1688, who had flattered James and 

 deserted him, would have recalled him. The merchants and 

 traders sustained William, bore with Anne, thwarted the 

 conspirators of 1714, and established the Hanoverian succes- 

 sion. The chief Tories among the moneyed men were the 

 scriveners and goldsmiths, the jobbers in the old chartered 

 stocks and the farmers of taxes, the managers of the old East 

 India and the African Companies. 



VOL. V. L 



