676 SUNDRIES. 



on by writers, at 6d. a bushel. Malt-dust is also bought for 

 manure in 1620 at is. a quarter. 



In 1584 a gang of harrow pins cost is. 4d., and in 1588 a 

 set of the same kind of pins is priced at is. 6d. The high 

 cost of iron discouraged the use of metal pins when the ground 

 was stony. 



Spades, apparently used for the garden, are found in sixteen 

 years. They are generally bought by the colleges. The price 

 varies from is. to 3^. 4d. Sometimes they are mere wooden 

 frames with an iron cutting edge 1 . In the earlier time they 

 cost from is. $d. to is. each. Later on they generally cost 

 is. 6d. In 1668 a spade and rake together cost 6^., and as 

 a rake is seldom more than a few pence in value, it is likely 

 that both these articles were of the best workmanship and 

 made of iron. The earliest entry is of a turf-spade at jd. 



Scythes are found in fourteen years. With one exception, 

 the price is very uniform, early and late, never under is. and 

 over 3^. But in 1681 Oriel College gives the high price of 

 6s. id. One of the latest entries is also one of the cheapest, 

 a grass-scythe in London (1699) at is. Sickles are found in 

 1599 at 8d., and in 1657 at 9^. 



The most expensive part of the husbandman's appliances 

 was the cart or wain. The cost of iron seems to have induced 

 the continued use of unprotected wheels, which are found in 

 seventeen years, and were as I conclude used in this form, as 

 I do not discover that the purchaser procured the necessary 

 irons and nails. The price of a pair of wheels in this form is 

 us. or us. in the earlier part of the period, and from 14^. 

 to i^s. during the first half of the seventeenth century. 



The difference between shod and unshod wheels is illustrated 

 in 1599. Lord Spencer pays i$s.8d. for a pair of wain-wheels? 

 i. e. plain wheels, and Shuttleworth in the same year gives 

 46.$-. Sd. for a pair of shod-wheels. In 1610 King's College pays 

 15,$-. for a pair of new wheels, and 42 s. id. for the tire to them. 

 In 1613 four new wheels, no doubt with tires, are bought for 



1 In 1602 Lord Spencer buys spade irons at is. each, 



