LAND CARRIAGE. 771 



miles from Bolton. In this case Shuttleworth pays \d. a mile, 

 or 4s. 8d. a cwt., and he actually gets his goods at a cheaper 

 rate than his brother did in 1588 for a shorter distance, for the 

 cost is at the rate of 4 i^s. ^d. a ton, or not quite $d. per 

 ton per mile. But he pays the same rate from Whichford in 

 Warwickshire, a place at least seventy miles nearer him. 



It costs 4s. 8d. a cwt. to s^nd goods from London to 

 Banbury in 1608. Now Banbury is sixty-nine miles by road 

 from London, and the cost is therefore is. 4\d. per ton per 

 mile. In the same year nearly four cwt. of ling is sent to 

 Oxford, and I have no doubt by road. The rate is $s. 2d. the 

 cwt. Now Oxford is fifty-six miles by the old road to 

 London, and the rate is now a little over is. i\d. per ton 

 per mile. 



In i6u,goods amounting to 168 Ibs. are sent from London 

 to Halifax at id. a pound. They consist of a box, a cask of 

 wine, and a hamper. The distance is 197 miles, and the rate 

 is is. io\d. per ton per mile. 



In 1614, 34 cwt. 14 Ibs. of fish are sent from London to 

 All Souls College. The rate is now 3^. ^d. a cwt. This, at 

 fifty-six miles from London, is a fraction over is. 2,{d. per ton 

 per mile. 



Again, in 1617, 3^ cwt. are despatched from London to 

 Halifax, at 6s. 6\d. the cwt. The distance, as we have seen, 

 is 197 miles, and the rate per ton per mile is almost exactly 

 Sd. a mile. 



In 1621, a parcel of hops, i cwt. 44 Ibs. in weight, and a 

 couple of ling, are sent from Stourbridge to Preston. The 

 distance is at least 200 miles, and the cost is i$s. Now 

 taking the couple of ling as 1 2 Ibs. in weight, the total will be 

 1 1 cwt., and the rate los. a cwt. His goods now cost 

 Shuttleworth for carriage is. per ton per mile. In the same 

 year, we are told, it cost *\s. a cwt. for carriage from London 

 to Wormleighton. Lord Spencer is now paying at about the 

 rate of is. o\(L In 1631 he pays the same rate, his parcels, 

 ribed as cloth, &c., coming to nearly 30$ cwt. 

 3 D 2 



