Xll CONTENTS. 



507 ; The problem of Evil, 508 ; Ethical problems, 509 ; Ethical spirit 

 of British philosophy, 510 ; Return of British thinkers to Metaphysics, 

 510; Spencer's "Unknowable," 511; Wundt, 513; Lotze's, Spencer's, 

 and Wundt's phenomenalism contrasted, 516 ; Fechner and E. von 

 Hartmann, 518 ; Return to Ontology in England and France, 523 ; The 

 two movements of search in England : Realistic and Idealistic, 527 ; 

 Popular influences : the new monthly Reviews, 530 ; Caird, Wallace, and 

 Green, 532 ; Bradley's ' Appearance and Reality,' 533 ; Bradley and 

 Lotze, 534 ; Bradley's opposition to both atomistic and transcendental 

 view of Reality, 536 ; His Monism or Absolutism, 540 ; Phenomenalists 

 and Ontologists, 542. 



CHAPTER VL 



Of NATURE. 



Nature : a metaphysical problem, 544 ; Superseded by empirical studies, 545 ; 

 Changes in the thoughts of the age, 546 ; The exact study of Nature, 

 547 ; Naturalism of English poetry and art, 547 ; Philosophy of Nature, 

 547 ; Importance of this last, 549 ; Laplace. 550 ; Absence of organic and 

 subjective factors, 552 ; Biological appeal of Schelling, 553 ; An omitted 

 idea : Malthus, 554 ; Afterwards taken up by Darwin, 554 ; Statical 

 view of French science, 555 ; Insufficiency of this, 555 ; Vague ideas of 

 development kept back by mathematical spirit, 558 ; A premature 

 rationale in materialism, 560 ; Buchner, 561 ; Inadequacy, yet popular- 

 ity, of " Matter " and " Force," 565 ; Inexactness of the popular term 

 Force, 566 ; Lotze's formula regarding mechanism, 570 ; Success and 

 failure of Materialism, 570 ; Change in scientific conceptions, 573 ; -New 

 criticism of fundamental notions, 575 ; J. S. Mill, 575 ; Thomson and 

 Tait, Maxwell, 576 ; Kirchhoff, 578 ; Wundt and Mach, 578 ; Clifford 

 and K. Pearson, 579 ; Economy of Thought : Mach and Avenarius, 579 ; 

 Want of philosophical interest attaching to mechanical theories, 583 ; 

 Schopenhauer's philosophical view of Nature. 586 ; Opposed to Paulogism 

 and Mechanician!, 587 ; Schopenhauer an idealist and romantic, 589 ; As 

 also Von Hartmann, 590 ; The philosophy of the " Unconscious," 590 ; 

 The ideal view displaced by the naturalistic, 593 ; Wundt on Actuality, 

 595 ; Rise of the problem of Discontinuity, 597 ; Du Bois Reymond, 597 ; 

 Haeckel's Monism, 600 ; Loose use by naturalists of physical concepts, 

 603 ; Mach on the limitation of mechanical physics, 604 ; Effects of 

 modern analysis on view of nature as a whole, 606 ; Artistic view of 

 nature, 610 ; Goethe as representative of the synoptic view, 611 ; This 



