X CONTENTS. 



The way out of individualism, 248 ; General causes of this movement, 

 250 ; Disappearance of psychology in the older sense, 252 ; Individual 

 self merged into general self, 255 ; Creation of ideals, 256 ; The educa- 

 tional movement, 256 ; The political movement, 257 ; Return to em- 

 pirical psychology, 258 ; J. F. Fries, 258 ; Influence of physiology, 259 ; 

 Feuerbach on Hegel, 260 ; Die Seelenfrage, 261 ; International contact, 

 262 ; Lotze, 264 ; Approaches philosophy from the side of medicine, 

 265 ; Connection with the classical period, 265 ; His psychology, 266 ; 

 His circumspection, 267 ; Various lines in recent psychology, 268 ; 

 Ribot, 269 ; Morbid psychology, 272 ; ' Mind ' and Groom Robertson, 

 275 ; James Ward, 277 ; Avenarius, 282 ; Hartmann, Spencer, and 

 Fouille"e, 285 ; Spencer's evolutional psychology, 286 ; Idealistic ante- 

 cedents of Hartmann and Fouillee, 286 ; The Unconscious in psychology, 

 287 ; Change in vocabulary, 289 ; Stress laid on activity and feeling, 

 290 ; Presentation-continuum, 291 ; Anthropology, 291 ; Discontinuity 

 Renouvier, 291. 



CHAPTER IV. 



OF KNOWLEDGE. 



Early appearance of the problem of knowledge, 294 ; Re-emergence charac- 

 teristic of nineteenth century, 294 ; Fichte's Wissenschaftslehrc, 295 ; 

 Erkenntnisstheorie, 296 ; Renouvier's Neocriticism, 296 ; Agnosticism 

 and Pragmatism, 297 ; Preparation in logic and psychology, 298 ; In- 

 fluence of current literature and science, 299 ; Effect of the French 

 Revolution, 300 ; Later dominance of exact science, 300 ; J. S. Mill, 301 ; 

 Influence of social questions, 302 ; Influence of mathematics in France, 

 302 ; Reaction in British thought, 304 ; Dispersive character of earlier 

 British thought, 309 ; Its want of systematic unity, 311 ; Beginning of 

 search for a creed, 312; The first episode ends in Agnosticism, 315; 

 Continental efforts to transcend dualism, 316 ; Two lines of develop- 

 ment, 317 ; Union of these, 317 ; Continental thought began with 

 scepticism, 320 ; Descartes' constructive effort, 321 ; Mathematical 

 methods, 322 ; Spinoza and Leibniz, 324 ; Diverging directions after 

 Leibniz, 330 ; Aim at unity in Continental thought, 331 ; Spinoza and 

 Leibniz contrasted, 331 ; Leibniz and Bayle, 332 ; Systematisation of 

 Leibniz's ideas, 335 ; New way opened by Kant, 336 ; Relation to Locke, 

 Hume, and Leibniz, 339 ; Locke and Kant, 340 ; Kant's philosophy a 

 central point, 344 ; Relativity of Knowledge, 344 ; The sensible and the 

 intelligible, 345 ; The regulative ideas, 346 ; Acceptance of extant body of 

 scientific knowledge, 348 ; And of traditional psychology, 349 ; Apparent 

 want of unity, 349 ; Criticism predominant, 350 ; Reinhold, 351 ; Criti- 



