186 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



of Herbert Spencer, are either critical, such as Henry 

 67. Sidff wick's 'Methods of Ethics' (1875), "Criticism of 



Recent criti- 



ncy t he Critical Philosophy " (in 'Mind,' 1883), F. H. 

 Bradley's 'Ethical Studies' (1876), 'Principles of 

 Logic' (1883), and 'Appearance and Eeality' (1893), 

 and James Ward's ' Naturalism and Agnosticism ' 

 (1899); or they are occupied with an analysis of the 

 principles of the critical and allied philosophies. Among 

 the latter I may mention two works which mark epochs 

 in English thought : J. S. Mill's ' Examination of Sir 

 William Hamilton's Philosophy' (1865), and Edward 

 Caird's two critical works on the ' Philosophy of Kant ' 

 (1877), and a larger work in two volumes (1889). 



What prevented the critical and historical spirit taking 



more complete possession of the philosophical mind in 



France and England at an earlier date were two distinct 



forms or phases of thought which for a long time ruled 



in their respective countries, and which, in one form or 



the other, have come to be characteristic features of the 



philosophic thought of to-day in all the three countries. 



es. I am referring to the Eclecticism of Victor Cousin in 



Eclecticism France and the philosophy of Common- Sense in Brit- 



and philo- f f 



sophyof a i n- The philosophical positions which may be charac- 



Common- 



sense. terised by the terms " eclecticism " and " common-sense " 

 originated in the desire to counteract the sceptical 

 tendencies of Hume's philosophy in England and the 

 extreme form of the sensational philosophy developed 

 by Condillac and his followers in France. German 

 philosophers for a long time regarded both the eclectic 

 and the common - sense philosophies as dilettante. 

 In looking back, however, over the development of 



