196 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



guage, neither of which can dispense with them ; and 

 it will also, to many minds, suggest a second very 

 obvious reflection : a moment's thought will convince us 

 that it is almost impossible to discuss separately any 

 of the great problems indicated by those words ; that 

 the discussion of each leads involuntarily to that of 

 the others, driving us onward to the conception of the 

 Whole, the All, i.e., to the discussion of the world- 

 problem, the connection or actual " Together " of things. 

 This is the highest, the central philosophical problem, 

 the attempted solutions of which in the course of the 

 nineteenth century I shall deal with in one of the 

 last chapters of the present portion of this History. 

 It will appropriately bear the title : " Of Systems of 

 Philosophy." 



s. I have headed this first chapter which deals with a 



<>f the definite philosophical problem: "Of the Soul." I might 

 Psychology, have chosen several other words which would have 

 equally introduced us into that portion of philosophical 

 literature with which I am now concerned. Such terms 

 would be, e.g., the mind, consciousness, the inner world, 

 &c. The province of philosophy with which I am deal- 

 ing is usually in recent literature called Psychology. 

 The oldest treatise on the subject is that of Aristotle, 

 which bears the title irepl 4>vxn^, De Anirna. I have 

 preferred to introduce the subject of this chapter by 

 using the original term, which at once suggests pro- 

 blems, such as the nature of the soul, the fate of the 

 soul, the whereabouts of the soul, and many others 

 which command a continued interest, denoting some of 

 the deepest questions which inquiring and thinking 



