OF THE SOUL. 203 



rational psychology had its home in Germany, empirical 

 psychology in Great Britain. In addition to these two 

 branches of research appertaining to the things of the 

 inner world, to the life of the soul, a third and 

 independent line of research had sprung up in France as 

 the immediate outcome of the great development of the 

 mathematical, natural, and medical sciences. The life 11. 



French 



of the soul was there studied in its outer manifestations, physio- 

 logical 



partly as a physiological and pathological l problem, psychology, 

 partly also in those creations such as language, grammar, 

 and logic, in which it has become, as it were, externalised. 

 Cabanis and Broussais are representatives of the former, 

 the Ideologues, notably Destutt de Tracy, of the latter 

 way of thinking. The French school as represented by 

 these thinkers preserved accordingly its independent 

 position, whether compared with the purely introspec- 

 tive psychology in this country or with the meta- 

 physical psychology of Germany. It took up such an 

 extreme position, notably in the writings of Broussais, 

 and was frequently supposed to be so much allied with 

 materialism, that it provoked as much as it opposed the 

 reaction which adopted the more moderate or common- 

 sense attitude of the Scottish school ; it was later also 

 much influenced by some of the leading German meta- 



his psychology from that of the 

 British or Associational school, 

 has singled out Brown's exposi- 

 tion of the latter as deserving 

 prominence, "because he expressly 

 discusses aud formulates many 

 ultimate principles which in other 

 writers are more or less blindly 

 presupposed" (loc. cit., vol. xiv. 

 P-l). 



1 D. de Tracy in his 'Eloge de 

 Cabanis,' whose place he took in 

 the Academy (1808), ventured to 

 say that Cabanis had performed 

 the double task which he had set 

 himself, of carrying philosophy 

 into medicine and medicine into 

 philosophy (see Picavet, loc. cit., 

 p. 288). 



