OF THE SOUL. 271 



treatise his celebrated work 'De 1' Intelligence/ in 

 which, in addition to the influence of Condillac, he had 

 drawn attention to the writings of John Stuart Mill and 

 Bain, to that branch of English thought which had 

 developed independently, and which stood latterly as it 

 were in opposition to the Scottish school favoured in 

 France by the eclectics. M. Eibot, in introducing con- 

 temporary English psychology to French readers, does not 

 refer to the Scottish school at all, and only just mentions 

 by name Hamilton, "Whewell, Mansel, and Ferrier. His 

 main object is to deal with Mill, Spencer, Bain, and Lewes. 

 As M. Taine introduced the philosophy of John Stuart 

 Mill, so M. Kibot introduced that of Herbert Spencer 

 into France ; moreover, the two introductions which he 

 prefixed to his two treatises constituted a kind of 

 manifesto : the earlier one in favour of the inductive as 

 against the older metaphysical method, the later one 

 recommending the experimental methods which had been 

 developed in Germany, notably by Fechner and Wundt. 

 Accordingly he not only places both the English and the 

 German development in opposition to what he calls the 

 older or metaphysical psychology, but he also draws a 

 sharp distinction between the purely introspective or 

 analytical methods of the English school and the novel 

 experimental and exact methods of the German school. 

 Both, he maintains, make large use of physiological 

 discoveries ; but he significantly remarks, that on the 

 one side the English psychologists enlarge and interpret 

 their introspective data by borrowing from the labours 

 of physiologists, whereas the later leaders and represent- 

 atives of the German school are physiologists who have 



