CONTENTS. XI 



Unifying tendency in Comte, 683 ; Point of contact with Schopen- 

 hauer, 685 ; Parallel between Comte and Hegel, 687 ; Solitary 

 position of Comte, 688 ; Herbert Spencer, 689 ; Reconciliation of 

 science and religion, 691 ; Spencer and Lotze, 692 ; Formative ideas 

 of Spencer's philosophy, 693 ; Contrast with Comte, 696 ; Unlikeness 

 of Spencer's Evolution to that of Schelling and Hegel, 696 ; His 

 ethical rule, 698 ; Nature of the unification attained, 698 ; The social 

 problem central as with Comte, 700 ; Criticisms and developments of 

 Spencer, 701 ; Incompleteness of Spencer's Evolution, 704 ; Non- 

 mechanical phenomena, 705 ; Defects of mechanical scheme of evolu- 

 tion recognised in all three countries, 707 ; T. H. Green, 707 ; W. 

 Wundt, 708 ; His approach to philosophy contrasted with Spencer's, 

 709 ; Wundt a true representative of " Wissenschaft," 711 ; " Creative 

 Synthesis," 712 ; Rejection of the term Substance as applied to mind, 

 714 ; Idea of Infinite Collective Will, 716 ; Recognition of religious 

 conceptions, 719 ; Actualism in French thought : Fouill^e, 722 ; J. 

 M. Guyau, 724 ; H. Bergson, 724 ; R. Eucken, 725 ; W. James, 726 ; 

 Relative absence of system, 726 ; Return to the introspective method, 

 731. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE RATIONALE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



Mathematics and Metaphysics, 736 ; Both progressive, 736 ; Influence of 

 science, 737 ; And of criticism, 737 ; Scientific methods, 738 ; 

 Scientific principles at the beginning of the nineteenth century, 739 ; 

 "Force and Matter," 740; "Idealism," 741; An episode in the 

 general movement, 741 ; Ambiguity of Hegel's Geist, 742 ; Similar 

 ambiguity of the term Evolution, 744 ; The philosophical problem as 

 left by Hegel and Spencer not solved by their successors, 745 ; The 

 period of transition, 746 ; Lotze 's view concerning philosophical 

 thought, 748; Critical attitude of later thought, 752; Study of 

 Origins, 753 ; Naturalistic bias of English philosophy, 753 ; Reaction 

 under the influence of Hegel, 754 ; H. Sidgwick's Ethics, 756 ; 

 Theory of Knowledge, 756 ; Wundt, 757 ; Agnosticism, 758 ; In- 

 adequacy of mechanical ideas, 759; Positivism and the social aim, 

 760 ; Reversal of the positions of Naturalism and Idealism, 761 ; 

 New phase of Idealism, 762 ; The episode of Pessimism, 762 ; Fr. 

 Nietzsche, 764; Contrast with other thinkers, 764; The lesson of the 

 ' Microcosmus, ' 766; Comparison with Humboldt's ' Kosmos,' 767; 

 Unification of thought not arrested by failure, 768 ; The scientific 

 order an abstraction, 769 ; Contrast with the inner world, 770 ; 



