210 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



not fully admit this. But the fact that Schopenhauer 

 in the title of his principal work placed the Will before 

 the Intellect, shows his antagonism to the one-sided 

 intellectualism or panlogism of Hegel, and marks an 

 important feature in the change which has come over 

 philosophical speculation during the last fifty years, a 

 change which may be defined as the temporary abandon- 

 ment of metaphysics and the disintegration of systematic 

 philosophy in favour of separate pursuits, which, under 

 the names of Psychology, Theory of Knowledge, Ethics, 

 and Anthropology, are tending to establish themselves 

 as independent sciences, attacking by separate methods 

 the various problems into which the great world- 

 problem has been broken up. Among these, Anthro- 

 pology has received great attention through another 

 influence which made itself felt about the time when 

 the " Will-philosophy " of Schopenhauer, with its special 

 pessimistic inferences, first attracted popular attention. 

 And in general it may be admitted that this new and 

 suggestive line of research, opened out from an entirely 

 unexpected quarter, did much good in counteracting the 

 unhealthy and unfruitful attitude which the philosophy 

 of pessimism would have still more largely produced, 

 if it had been alone in the field. These remarks refer 

 mainly to Germany, as it is only in that country 

 that in recent times pessimism has commanded much 

 attention and exerted a widespread influence on national 

 thought. A similar danger hardly exists either in 

 France or in England. In the former country it was 

 not pessimism, but for a time indifferentism, that 

 blighted philosophical speculation, whereas in this 



