OF THE SPIRIT. 



369 



reasoning in philosophical writings now in vogue is 

 probably confined to the Introduction to Herbert 

 Spencer's 'First Principles,' which was written in 1860, 57. 



Spencer. 



shortly after the appearance of Hansel's Lectures. The 

 outcome there is the doctrine of the Unknowable, what 

 Huxley termed Agnosticism. 



There is no doubt that both Schelling and Mansel 

 were right in holding that the intellectual process alone 

 does not suffice to gain a firm position in fundamental 

 questions, that the conviction which is to be of practical 

 value is reached and must be reached by some other 

 process. The same result has forced itself upon many 

 other contemporary and later thinkers. Kant had 

 anticipated this when he based the whole of his 

 practical philosophy, the theory of life, upon something 

 that is categorical and actual, not conditional and 

 hypothetical. Lotze had already, at the time when 

 the Bampton Lectures were published, arrived at the 

 conclusion that, in the midst of contradictory and un- 

 satisfactory arguments which present themselves to the 



to do with notions or ideas. Kant's 

 great merit, I fancy, was in per- 

 ceiving this, in thoroughly distin- 

 guishing the sensual from the logical 

 and intellectual region, and then 

 in using his logic to show under 

 what conditions we use our senses. 

 Mill, it seems to me, with all his 

 clearness, can never escape from a 

 perpetual confusion between these 

 two regions. If he did I should 

 not despair of his ascending into 

 the higher ideal region the purely 

 spiritual which is so much more 

 analogous to the sensual than to 

 the intermediate one" ('Life of 

 F. D. Maurice,' by his Son. 1884, 

 vol. ii. p. 598). As to Schleier- 



VOL. IV. 



macher, and Maurice's opinion of 

 him, and the damage that was 

 done to his reputation in England 

 by Thirlwall's translation of his 

 book on St Luke, aeeloc. cit., vol. i. 

 p. 452. 



It must, however, in justice be 

 mentioned that Mansel recognised 

 that psychology should form the 

 foundation both of metaphysics 

 and ethics ; that the " facts of 

 consciousness [are] the criterion of 

 philosophy." See his 'Inaugural 

 Lecture,' 1855 (reprinted in ' Let- 

 ters, Lectures, and Reviews,' ed. 

 H. W. Chandler, 1873; also his 

 ' Metaphysics, or the Philosophy of 

 Consciousness,' 1860). 



2 A 



