OF SOCIETY. 



537 



take notice of his writings. In this respect he was 

 treated in the same way as other extramural thinkers, 

 such as Schopenhauer, Feuerbach, v. Hartmann, and 

 Nietzsche. Nevertheless, he is an intellectual offspring 

 of the Hegelian school, and the fact that he found no 

 place at the German universities contributed probably 

 to the popularity and practical effect of his teaching, 

 as he was both influenced by the French school of 

 theoretical and by the English school of practical social 

 reformers and philanthropists. He inherited some of 

 Saint-Simon's ideas, and he learnt quite as much from 

 theoretical and practical economists in this country. 

 The position of Karl Marx in the history of thought 1 



by them" (loc. cit., p. 53). See 

 also Schmoller's notice of the 

 seventh posthumous edition of an 

 important work of Friedrich List 

 (1789-1846), who may be considered 

 as one of the first among Ger- 

 man economists to point to the 

 newer and freer lines upon which 

 economic questions would have to 

 be treated (ibid., pp. 102-106); cf. 

 also supra, p. 64 n. 



1 It does not appear as if either 

 Marx or Engels, or other famous 

 representatives of socialistic doc- 

 trines, such as Rodbertus (1805- 

 1875) and Lasalle (1824-1864), have 

 introduced any new conception into 

 philosophical thought ; and his- 

 tories of philosophy, in conse- 

 quence, take little or no note of 

 their voluminous writings. There 

 is, however, no doubt that latterly 

 philosophers of distinction have 

 found it necessary to subject their 

 doctrines to methodical criticism, 

 exhibiting the proportion of truth 

 as well as the many exaggerations 

 in their psychological and historical 

 theories. A very full discussion of 

 Marxism will be found in Dr 

 Earth's volume, already quoted 

 (pp. 303-364), and to this I wish 



specially to refer my readers. 

 Particularly interesting for a his- 

 tory of Thought is the account, 

 given by the author, of the origins 

 of Marx's doctrine, at the end 

 of his critical refutation of the 

 same. He summarises the results of 

 his inquiry under four heads. The 

 first prominent influence which pro- 

 duced Marxism came from Capital- 

 ism, which ruled supreme at the 

 time, especially in this country. 

 The second point refers to the 

 timely reaction against Hegelian 

 idealism in Germany, represented 

 prominently by Feuerbach's nat- 

 uralism. The third point is the 

 monistic tendency of thought in- 

 herited from the Hegelian school. 

 In the place of an idealistic, a 

 naturalistic principle was intro- 

 duced ; the prevailing economic 

 interests are supposed to govern 

 historical development exclusively. 

 The fourth influence is purely 

 political : " Marx and Engels were 

 social democrats, i.e., they aimed 

 at a constitution of Society in 

 which universal equality should 

 rule together with a common 

 ownership of the means of pro- 

 duction." 



