TIME AND CHANGE 



that are found along the shores of the Hudson. 

 The clay formed in very still waters, the sand and 

 gravel in more active waters. 



This great ice-sheet not only covered our northern 

 farms with rocks and stones, and packed the soil 

 with rounded boulders, but it also carried away 

 much of the rock decay that goes to the making of 

 the soil, so that the soil is of greater depth in the 

 non-glaciated than in the glaciated areas of the 

 country. The New-Englander or New-Yorker in 

 traveling in the Southern States may note the enor 

 mous depth of soil as revealed by the water-courses 

 or railroad cuts. The ice-sheet was a huge mill that 

 ground up the rocks in the North probably as fast 

 or faster than the rains and the rank vegetation 

 reduced them in the South, but the floods of water 

 which it finally let loose carried a great deal of the 

 rock-waste into the sea. 



The glacier milk which colors the streams that 

 flow from beneath it finally settles and makes clay. 

 Off the great Malaspina Glacier in Alaska the ocean is 

 tinged by the glacier milk for nearly fifty miles from 

 the shores. Very few country people, even among 

 the educated, are ready to believe that this enor 

 mous ice-sheet ever existed. To make them believe 

 that it is just as much a fact in the physical history 

 of this continent as the war of the Revolution is a 

 fact in our political history is no easy matter. It 

 certainly is a crushing proposition. It so vastly 

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