ADDITIONAL EE MARKS ON PLANTING. 303 



surface. During the early part of the season, 

 and until the last of July, the trench is not 

 permitted to fill up. Fig. 114, at D, D, D, 



Fig. 118. 



represents the appearance of the vines about the 

 first of August, after having had all the sum 

 mer operations properly done. F (Fig. 113) 

 shows one of the vines as it appears when ready 

 for the first tying, which should not confine it 

 closely to the stake, but only be sufficient to 

 secure it from being broken by the wind. 

 When large plants are used, it is well to take 

 the canes from the second or third buds, so that 



