CULTIVATION. 343 



kinds of plowing alluded to, one consists in be 

 ginning next the vines and turning the furrow 

 slice to the vines, which may be called apploio- 

 ing, or plowing to the vines ; the other consists 

 in beginning in the middle of the row, and 

 turning the furrow slice from the vines, which 

 may be called deplowing, or plowing from the 

 vines. In deplowing, the dead furrow is left 

 next the vines ; in applowing, it is in the middle 

 of the row. When this dead furrow is needed 

 to carry off surface water, it should be finished 

 by hand with the hoe. The reader will get a 

 tolerably good idea of deplowing by examining 

 Fig. 40, p. 93, in which, however, there are 

 only two furrow slices, in consequence of the 

 vines being planted close together. The num 

 ber of slices will be in proportion to the width 

 of the rows. 



In plowing, much time and many steps will 

 be saved by beginning and turning at the right 

 place. It will assist the beginner if we give an 

 illustration, by taking the space between two 

 rows of vines running east and west, and divid 

 ing this space by an imaginary line through the 

 middle, calling the space on the north the upper 

 side, and the space on the south the lower side. 

 We will describe the operation of applowing, or 



