WINTER MANAGEMENT. 351 



therefore, be better to have them made here 

 rather than import them. Fig. 136 is a plow. 

 Fig. 137 is used as a substitute for the plow, 

 turning two small furrow slices. Fig. 138 is a 

 cultivator, or weeder. Fig. 139 is 

 a triangular hoe, used for the same 

 purpose as Fig. 135, above. 



Winter Management. There 

 are some matters connected with 

 the winter care of the vineyard 

 which are too important to be 

 overlooked, chief among which is 

 covering. This, in some portions 

 of the country, is a necessity, and 

 Fig. 139. in most others an advantage suffi 

 ciently great to warrant the trouble. Its ob 

 ject is to protect the buds and wood as well as 

 the roots from being injured or killed by the 

 severity or changes of the winter. It is sup 

 posed by some that covering the vines causes 

 them to start earlier in the spring, and in that 

 respect is an advantage ; but early starting is no 

 advantage, and covering has no such effect ; on 

 the contrary, it retards the spring growth, and 

 that is a real advantage. Others suppose that 

 covering &quot;makes the crop finer;&quot; but it can 

 have no effect in making it finer : it can only 



