48 REFORM AND DEMOCRACY 



sage of 1823 signified to a certain extent the 

 success of Canning s advances. Its pronounce 

 ments as a whole, however, were widely at 

 variance with the British secretary s desires 

 and expectations, and caused him annoyance 

 and vexation that he ultimately took no pains 

 to conceal. He was confirmed in his feeling of 

 dislike and distrust of the Americans and in 

 his foreboding of danger from their rivalry with 

 British interests in the future. 



The European situation that produced the 

 Monroe Doctrine is familiar history. A revo 

 lution in Spain that jeoparded the throne and 

 life of the King brought military intervention 

 by France, supported by Russia, Prussia, and 

 Austria. The Spanish monarch was restored 

 to his authority at home, but found himself 

 wholly unable to regain control of his continen 

 tal colonies in America, which had declared and 

 were successfully maintaining their independ 

 ence. Accordingly, he applied to the powers 

 that had assisted him for like assistance on the 

 other side of the Atlantic. The British Govern 

 ment had refused to join the other powers in 

 the intervention in Spain, and had viewed with 

 great uneasiness the proceedings of the French 

 army. Tories were unpleasantly reminded by 



