150 THROUGH THREEFOLD TENSION 



archies disappeared. Republics and constitu 

 tions and bills of rights and new nationalities 

 became the order of the day. An orgy of liber 

 alism convulsed the Continent; even the United 

 Kingdom felt the delirium, and was forced to 

 deal with the Chartists demanding democracy 

 and Young Ireland proclaiming itself a nation. 

 When the tumult, after several feverish years, 

 subsided, the most conspicuous result of it all 

 was, oddly enough, the revived Napoleonic Em 

 pire in France. Less obvious, but not less 

 influential in the long run on the history of 

 human progress, was the host of exiles from the 

 Continent who betook themselves to the lands 

 of the English-speaking peoples. In particular, 

 a great body of ardent, high-spirited, but bit 

 terly disappointed German liberals found refuge 

 in the American Republic, in whose democratic 

 institutions they expected to find a full realiza 

 tion of their cherished ideals. Though there 

 was naturally much disillusionment when the 

 actualities were discovered, the new environ 

 ment did not fail to prove attractive, and these 

 political exiles were followed by a stream of 

 Germans rivalling in volume that which was 

 flowing in full current from Ireland. 

 In Great Britain the revolutionary tempest 



