220 THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 



made secure the failure of the British to detain 

 the Alabama also should be put before them for 

 explanation and settlement. 



Such was the disturbing spirit with which the 

 North approached its triumph in 1865. The 

 friendship and harmony that were conspicuous 

 among English-speaking peoples in 1860 had 

 been supplanted by as unprepossessing an ag 

 gregate of evil emotions as the inferno of a four 

 years desperate war could be expected to pro 

 duce. The victorious people, with an army of 

 a million men, a navy of five hundred ships, 

 a crushed and helpless rival at its feet, looked 

 round to see if any scores remained to be set 

 tled. Against every other branch of the English- 

 speaking race the flushed and angry conqueror 

 believed that it had a grievance to present. The 

 West Indian colonists had sustained and thrived 

 by the blockade-runners, through whom the 

 Confederacy had preserved its life long after 

 the end was assured. The Canadians and their 

 associates of the Maritime Provinces had given 

 refuge to Confederate agents who had organized 

 expeditions of rapine and murder across the 

 Northern boundary. In the African and Asiatic 

 colonies of England the Alabama and other 

 cruisers had received indispensable aid in their 



