THE GROWTH OF CANADA 275 



deemable paper currency, and the refunding of 

 the huge war debt rendered possible far-reach 

 ing readjustments in revenue and taxation. 

 This situation brought the question of the tar 

 iff to the foreground in politics and demanded 

 the judgment of the people as to maintaining 

 the high protection that had been established 

 through the fiscal exigencies of the war. Though 

 the principle was less decisively settled for 

 many years than in the Dominion, the practical 

 issue was the same. As Canada introduced the 

 protective tariff, the United States retained it. 

 Thus by the opening of the ninth decade of 

 the century the two English-speaking peoples 

 of America had reverted to the restrictive com 

 mercial and industrial system that had been 

 dropped with much parade of finality in the 

 fifth decade. Economic independence of Great 

 Britain was the chief end that determined the 

 policy of the United States; economic independ 

 ence of the United States was the chief end 

 that determined the policy of Canada. In 

 each case the experiment was costly, but far 

 more so to the Dominion than to the republic. 

 No small sacrifice to the national ideal was re 

 quired in resisting the lure of trade, transporta 

 tion, and financial advantage to the southward 



