332 VENEZUELA AND AFTER 



and maintenance. A new convention was con 

 cluded by Messrs. Hay and Pauncefote Novem 

 ber 18, 1901, and duly ratified, under which the 

 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was formally &quot;super 

 seded,&quot; and the United States was left with an 

 entirely free hand in respect to any trans- 

 isthmian canal, save that the general principle 

 of neutralization was declared to be left unim 

 paired, and the American Government formally 

 adopted as the basis of neutralization the rules 

 which were in force as to the Suez Canal. 



A little over a year after this notable achieve 

 ment Secretary Hay and Sir Michael Herbert, 

 Pauncefote s successor at the embassy, signed 

 a convention sending the Alaskan boundary 

 to arbitration. The tribunal agreed upon was 

 of the sort that the United States had been 

 willing to accept in 1899, namely, a joint com 

 mission of six jurists, three designated by each 

 government. Such a tribunal was duly con 

 stituted, Great Britain being represented by the 

 Lord Chief-Justice Baron Alverstone and two 

 distinguished Canadians, the United States by 

 the Secretary of War Mr. Root and two prom 

 inent Senators. A decision was announced by 

 this tribunal October 20, 1903, in which all 

 the seriously contested points were determined 



