OTHER GERM DISEASES AMONG ANIMALS. 287 
experiments. It is found to be capable of producing the disease 
in cats, dogs, rats, field mice, and quite a variety of animals. It is 
only slightly pathogenic for the sheep and the mice. The pig and 
the cow seem to be immune from its action. 
Symptomatic Anthrax. Black-leg. Quarter-evil. Rausch- 
brand (B. anthracis symptomatici) . This disease, with its variety 
of names, is extremely common in Europe. It has been rare in the 
United States, but in recent years is becoming more abundant, 
being found as an epidemic in certain herds. It is a disease that 
occurs chiefly among cattle, and is characterized by certain irregular 
swellings in the subcutaneous tissues and muscles. The swellings 
are seen especially over the quarters of the animal, and hence the 
name quarter-evil. The muscles become dark colored and bloody 
(hence the name black-leg), and contain large numbers of the 
bacilli known to cause the disease. It is the cause of considerable 
trouble to raisers of cattle, being almost universally fatal, although 
it is not a disease that can be regarded as extremely common. 
The organism which produces the disease is well known and is 
named B. anthracis symptomatici. It is pathogenic for a large 
number of animals when artificially inoculated. Swine, dogs, 
rabbits, fowls, pigeons, guinea-pigs, and horses succumb to the 
disease by inoculation, in addition to cattle, sheep, and goats, in 
which the disease occurs spontaneously. It is most common 
among cattle as a spontaneous affection, and quite rarely occurs in 
sheep and goats. In the horse it is never known to occur spon- 
taneously. So far as known, the bacillus is not pathogenic for man, 
although this has never been demonstrated; but no instance has ever 
been known of man suffering from the infection, even though every 
opportunity for such infection has been offered. The disease is, 
therefore, not regarded as injurious to man. The practice of in- 
oculating animals against the disease by a "preventive culture" is 
widely and successfully adopted in the United States. 
Tetanus or Lockjaw (B. tetanus). This is a disease of rather 
rare occurrence among domestic animals, but it may sometimes 
occur if an animal receive a wound by means of some object that has 
been lying for a long time in the soil. The cause of tetanus is a 
