OTHER GERM DISEASES AMONG ANIMALS. 289 
tissues, causing great distortion. The disease is not contagious and 
its source is as yet unknown. 
General Inflammatory Troubles. Inflammatory, suppura- 
tive, and tumor-forming troubles are liable to occur in almost any 
part of the body of man or animal. These are commonly caused by 
bacteria, particularly by the class called Streptococci. The affections 
do not form any specific disease, but receive a variety of names 
according to the location- of the trouble. For example, when the 
streptococcus produces inflammation of the udder it is called 
garget, mammitis, or mastitis, while hoof rot and navel ill represent 
other types of inflammation located elsewhere. The streptococci 
that cause garget have been found abundantly in the milk of cows 
and are believed to be the reason for some of the illnesses in man- 
kind that follow the drinking of raw milk. Various forms of sores, 
boils, abscesses, and the inflammations following wounds are also 
caused, largely or wholly by streptococci, and most types of inflamed 
tissue in an animal may be rightly attributed to the action of this 
class of bacteria. 
Another bacillus associated with a variety of troubles among 
animals is named B. necrophorus. This organism produces more 
than an inflammation; it gives rise to a general decay of the tissues 
attacked (called necrosis) and, since it attacks many parts, it has a 
variety of effects. In the skin it causes numerous inflammatory 
diseases. It produces the foot rot of sheep and also of cattle. It 
attacks the bones in the nose, causing their destruction; it may bring 
about troubles in the alimentary canal, and it is the source of some 
of the cases of hog cholera, as well as several other affections. 
Foul Brood of Bees (B. alvei and B. larva) . Foul brood is 
a disease attacking the larvae of bees while still within their cells 
causing them to become sickly and eventually killing them and pro- 
ducing a decomposition of the body. The hive becomes vile- 
smelling from the decomposition and the whole economy of the hive 
is interrupted. The bees fail to collect honey and the hive may be 
ruined. There are really two different diseases going by this name, 
the American and the European foul brood, resembling each other 
and yet being easily distinguished. Both are produced by bacteria, 
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