172 RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



neath ; cymes rather short-pcduncled, 5-rayed ; fruit ovoid, blue. Swamps, 

 common. April and May. Shrub 8 - 12 high. 



6. V. dentatum, L. Veins of the leaves beneatli with tufted hairs in 

 their axils, otherwise smooth ; leaves round-ovate, slightly cordate, coarsely ser- 

 rate, acute, plicate by the strong impressed veins; cymes long-peduncled, 7- 

 raycd ; calyx smooth, with the lobes obtuse ; fruit small, roundish, deep blue. 

 Rich damp soil, West Florida to Mississippi, and northward March -May. 

 A large shrub. 



7. V. SCabrellum, Torr. & Gray. Hairy throughout, and the leaves be- 

 neath stellate-tomentose ; leaves ovate or roundish, often cordate, or rarely cune- 

 ate at the base, rather obtusely and coarsely serrate, short-petioled ; calyx-lobes 

 hairy, acute ; corolla hairy ; cymes 7-rayed ; fruit roundish, deep blue. Swamps 

 or rocky hills, Florida to South Carolina, in the lower districts, and westward. 

 May and June. Shrub 8 - 12 high. Leaves thick, 1' 2' long, or sometimes 

 twice that size. 



8. V. pubescens, Pursh. Leaves small, ovate or oblong-ovate, coarsely 

 serrate, hairy above, tomentose beneath, on very short petioles or the uppermost 

 subsessile ; cymes small, smoothish, 7-rayed; fruit oblong, black. Mountains 

 of North Carolina. June. A shrub 2 -3 high. Leaves l'-2' long. 



* * Marginal flowers radiant and sterile. 



9. V. lantanoides, Michx. Stem smooth and straggling ; branches, 

 cymes, and lower surface of the round-ovate, cordate, serrate leaves covered 

 with tufted down ; cymes sessile ; fruit ovoid, black. Deep shades on the 

 mountains of North Carolina. June. Stem 2 -4 long. Leaves 4' -6' long. 

 Sterile flowers 1' in diameter. 



ORDER 70. RUBIACEJE. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves entire, opposite and united by inter- 

 posed stipules, or whorled. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, or (in 

 Loganieae) free ; the limb 4 - 6-toothed or lobed, or obsolete. Corolla 

 4 - 6-lobed, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Stamens 4 - 6, inserted 

 on the tube of the corolla, and alternate with its lobes. Ovary 2-10- 

 celled, with 1 - several anatropous or amphitropous ovules in each cell. 

 Style mostly solitary. Albumen hard or fleshy. 



Synopsis. 



SUBORDER I. COFFEE^E. Ovules and seed solitary in the rt-lls 

 (except No. 7). Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. 



1. Leaves whorled. Stipules none. 



1. GALIUM. Corolla rotate, valvate in the bud. Fruit 2-celled. Herbs. 



2. Leaves opposite, rarely three in a whorl, with stipules interposed. 

 * Herbs. Mature fruit dry. Flowers axillary, single or clustered. 



2. SPERMACOCE. Carpels 2, one of them closed by the partition, the other open. Flowers 



clustered. 



