COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 247 



* Leaves decurrent. 



1. C. lanceolatum, Scop. Stem hairy, branched; leaves pinnatifid, 

 spiny, hirsute above, woolly beneath ; scales of the involucre webby, tipped 

 with strong erect spines; flowers purple. Banks of the Savannah River at 

 Augusta to North Carolina, and northward. Introduced. Sept. (?) Stem 

 20-30 h ig h . 



* * Leaves sessile. 



*- Scales of the involucre tipped with spreading spines. 



2. C. discolor, Spreng. Stem tall, hirsute, the branches leafy to the sum- 

 mit ; leaves deeply pinnatifid, smoothish, or with scattered hairs above, hoary- 

 tomentose beneath ; the divisions 2 - 3-lobed, pointed with a spine, and ciliate on 

 the margins ; scales of the involucre narrow, webby, tipped with a very slender 

 spreading spine ; flowers purple. Margins of fields, &c. in the upper districts. 

 July -Sept. (2) Stem 3 -6 high. Lower leaves 6' -12' long. Heads 

 about 1' in diameter. 



3. C. altissimum, Spreng. Stem tall, pubescent ; the branches leafy to 

 the summit ; leaves rough-pubescent above, hoary-tomentose beneath, fringed 

 with fine prickles ; the lowest petioled, pinnatifid ; the upper sessile, entire or 

 pimuitely lobed ; heads bracted ; scales of the involucre webby when young, 

 tipped with a weak prickle ; flowers purple. Fields and thickets, Mississippi 

 to North Carolina, and northward. Aug. and Sept. Stem 3 -10 high. 

 Heads about 1' in diameter. Involucre somewhat viscid. 



4. C. Nuttallii, DC. Stem angled, paniculately branched, smooth or 

 hairy ; the branches naked at the summit ; leaves clasping, soft-hairy, becoming 

 smoothish above, pinnatifid; the numerous spreading lobes lanceolate, 3-toothed, 

 tipped with strong spines, and ciliate on the margins ; heads numerous, small, 

 bractless ; scales of the involucre appressed, viscid, tipped with a short, at length 

 spreading prickle ; corolla white or pale purple. (Cnicus glaber, Ell.) Dry 

 light soil, Florida to South Carolina. July and Aug. Stem 3 - 8 high. 

 Heads 8" -10" in diameter. 



5. C. Virginianum, Michx. Stem slender, simple or sparingly branched, 

 hoary-tomentose ; leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, rigid, smooth above, hoary 

 beneath; the margins revolute, toothed or pinnatifid, and spiny; scales of the 

 involucre viscid, spiny ; flowers purple. Pine-barren swamps, Florida, and 

 northward. Aug. and Sept. Stem 2 - 3 high. Heads \' in diameter. 



> - 1 Scales of the involucre spineless, or the outer ones spine-pointed. 



6. C. muticuin, Michx. Stem tall, branching, commonly hairy ; leaves 

 with scattered hairs above, pubescent or at length nearly smooth beneath, bristly- 

 ciliate on the margins, deeply pinnatifid; the lobes lanceolate, 2 -3-toothed, 

 spiny; scales of the involucre unarmed, webby, viscid; flowers purple. 

 Swamps in the upper districts. Aug. and Sept. Stem 3 -8 high. Heads 

 1' in diameter. 



7. C. Lecontei, Torr. & Gray. Stem simple, or with 1-3 nearly naked 

 branches, hoary-tomentose ; leaves lanceolate, smooth above, hoary beneath, 

 entire, the margins fringed with bristly hairs, and spiny ; the earliest ones pin- 



