422 CUPULIFER^:. (OAK FAMILY.; 



Dry gravelly or sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. A small 

 tree. Leaves 4' 9' long. Intermediate forms between this and No. 7 are not 

 uncommon. 



* * * Leaves long-pet ioled, sinuate-pinnatifid, bristle-awned. deciduous. 

 -H- Leaves smooth or nearly so. 



7. Q. Catesbsei, Michx. (TURKEY-OAK.) Leaves somewhat coriaceous, 

 broad, narrowed into a short petiole, deeply pinnatifid ; the lobes very acute 

 from a broad base, spreading, mostly falcate and entire ; fruit rather large, short- 

 peduncled ; cup thick, turbinate, with broad obtuse scales, enclosing half of the 

 ovoid nut; the upper scales indexed and lining the inner edge of the cup. 

 Dry pine barrens, Florida to North Carolina. A small tree. Leaves 6' -9' 

 long. 



8. Q. tinctoria, Bartr. (BLACK OAK.) Leaves obovate-oblong, with 

 deep or shallow open sinuses, and about 6 sharply-toothed lobes, obtuse or trun- 

 cate at the base, pubescent when young, at length only in the axils of the veins 

 beneath ; cup top-shaped, with broad scales, enclosing about half of the round- 

 ish depressed nut. (Q. discolor, A it.) Dry woods, chiefly in the upper dis- 

 tricts, and northward. A large tree, with the outer bark dark-brown, the inner 

 thick and yellow. Leaves turning light-brown after frost. Nuts 6" 8" long. 



9. Q. COCCinea, Wang. (SCARLET OAK.) Leaves long-petioled, oval or 

 oblong, with deep and broad sinuses, and 68 entire or sparingly toothed lobes, 

 truncate at the base, smooth and shining on both sides ; cup top-shaped, with 

 coarse scales, enclosing one half or one third of the ovoid nut. Dry woods, 

 Florida, and northward ; more abundant in the upper districts. A large tree, 

 not easily distinguished from the preceding, and probably only a form of it. 

 Leaves turning bright scarlet after frost. 



10. Q. rubra, L. (RED OAK.) Leaves oblong, with open shallow sinuses, 

 and 8-12 entire or sharply toothed lobes, smooth on both sides, paler beneath ; 

 fruit large, cup shallow, flat, with fine scales, enclosing the base of the ovate or 

 oblong nut. Rocky woods, Florida, and northward. A large tree. Leaves 

 turning dark red after frost Nut 1' long. 



11. Q. Georgiana, M.A.Curtis. Shrubby; leaves small, very smooth, 

 somewhat obovate, wedge-shaped at the base, with deep or shallow open sinuses, 

 and 3 - 5 triangular-lanceolate entire acute or obtuse lobes; fruit short-pednn- 

 cled ; cup smooth and shining, saucer-shaped, enclosing one third of the oval- 

 globose nut. Stone Mountain, Georgia, Ravenel. Shrub 6 - 8 high, grow- 

 ing in clusters. Leaves 3' - 4' long. Fruit abundant. Nut ' long. 



*- H Leaves tomentose beneath. 



12. Q. falcata, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves oblong, rounded at the 

 base, 3 - 5-lobed ; the lobes entire or sparingly toothed at the apex, the terminal 

 one commonly narrow and elongated ; fruit rather small ; cup somewhat top- 

 shaped, with coarse scales, enclosing half of the globular nut.- Var. PAGODA- 

 FOLIA, Ell., has larger leaves, with 11-13 nearly opposite and spreading lobes. 



Dry woods, Florida, and northward. A large tree. Leaves 4' -5' long, 

 entire near the base. Nut ' long. 



