CONIFERS. (I'INE FAMILY.) 435 



oblong ; the scales with a thin wavy or denticulate margin. High mountains 

 of North Carolina, and northward. A tall but slender tree. Leaves $ long, 

 rigid. Cones !'-!' long. 



4. A. alba, Michx. (Winxi: SPRUCE.) Leaves inserted on all sides of 

 the branches, needle-shaped, 4-sided, incurved, light green ; cones oblong-cylin- 

 drical, with the scales entire. High mountains of North Carolina, and north- 

 ward. A small tree, with more slender and less crowded leaves than those of 

 the preceding. Cones l'-2' long. 



3. JTJNIPERUS, L. JUMPER. 



Flowers mostly dioecious. Aments lateral and terminal, small, few-flowered. 

 Stamens several : anther-cells 3-6, inserted beneath tlie peltate scale, opening 

 lengthwise. Carpellary scales 3-6, 1 -3-ovuled, partly united, fleshy, and 

 forming in fruit a berry-like drupe containing 1 - 3 erect bony seeds. Cotyle- 

 dons 2, oblong. Trees, with subulate or scale-like persistent leaves. 



1. I. Virginiana, L. (RED CEDAR.) Branches terete; leaves opposite 

 or by threes, minute, rhombic-ovate, closely imbricated, depressed on the back ; 

 those on young shoots subulate and spreading ; drupes small, blue, 1 - 2-seeded. 

 Diy, rocky, or even wet soil, Florida, and northward. March. A small tree, 

 with reddish, fine-grained, durable, and odorous wood, and spreading branches. 

 Leaves dark green. 



4. CTJPRESSUS, Tourn. CYPRESS. 



Flowers monoecious. Aments terminal, few-flowered. Anther-cells 2-4, 

 inserted under the lower edge of the peltate scale, opening lengthwise. Carpel- 

 lary scales peltate, bearing several erect ovules on their stalks, becoming woody 

 in fruit, and forming a globular dehiscent cone. Seeds winged at each end. 

 Cotyledons 2-3, obtuse. Trees, with minute imbricated leaves. 



1. C. thyoides, L. (WHITE CEDAR.) Branchlets compressed, crowded, 

 distichous ; leaves ovate, imbricated in 4 rows, with a roundish gland on the 

 back anther-cells two under each scale ; cones small. Swamps, Florida, and 

 northward. April. A middle-sized tree, with fibrous bark, and light durable 

 wood. Branches spreading. Cones 3" - 4" in diameter, borne on short scaly 

 stalks. 



5. TAXODIUM, Richard. CYPRESS. BALD-CYPRESS. 



Flowers monoecious. Sterile aments small, in a long drooping spiked panicle. 

 Scales peltate. Anther-cells 2-5, opening lengthwise. Fertile aments single 

 or by pairs, with the peltate scales 2-ovuled. Cone globular. Scales very thick, 

 angular, slender-stalked, separating at maturity. Seeds 3-angled, wingless. 

 Cotyledons 6-9, linear. Trees, with distichous deciduous leaves. 



1. T. distichum, Rich. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, on very 

 numerous short and slender deciduous branchlets, linear, acute, 2-ranked or im 



