82 FARMERS TAXED TO DEATH. 



the vegetative constituents abstracted by the processes of tillage ; 

 constituents lost permanently to the soil by the butchery of a rude 

 and ignorant cultivation. A perfected agriculture is the tardy 

 product of a long, laborious, and extensive course of observation, 

 experiment, and experience, looking to the use of the forces of 

 nature for practical ends. No other one pursuit calls to its aid 

 such a diversity of knowledge. The whole circle of the sciences 

 and the arts is made tributary to its successful prosecution ; ye^t 

 a country devoted to the production of provisions, breadstuff s 

 and raw materials all the surplus being for export to foreign 

 countries can not possess, in an advanced state, the sciences and 

 auxiliary arts most essential to its own industry. Thus, chem 

 istry is indispensable to a prosperous agriculture ; but who would 

 expect to find that science, in its highest cultivation, in a commu 

 nity merely of farmers and herdsmen? We can not have a few 

 isolated, solitary arts in complete excellence. They are social 

 and gregarious. Each, in order to its success, requires the near 

 and ready assistance of a hundred others. Only a manufacturing 

 people can develop and sustain that diversity of the arts and the 

 sciences which culminates in and is inseparable from a scientific 

 agriculture. To the same extent that diversification enters the 

 domain of labor, we may expect to see improvement in the methods 

 and results of tillage. Carey says, and it is true, that &quot; of all peo 

 ple, the last emancipated are the laborers in the field. Hence 

 Protection to home industry is emphatically the farmer s question. 

 He is interested in it more than anybody else. 



