ANIMALS. 4-21 



to follow : sobbing is the sigh still more invigo- 

 rated ; and lamentation or crying proceeds from 

 the continuance of the plaintive tone of the voice, 

 which seems to implore pity. " There is yet a 

 silent agony, in which the mind appears to dis- 

 dain all external help, and broods over its dis- 

 tresses with gloomy reserve. This is the most 

 dangerous state of mind : accidents or friendship 

 may lessen the louder kinds of grief; but all re- 

 medies for this must be had from within ; and there, 

 despair too often finds the most deadly enemy." 



Laughter is a sound of the voice, interrupted 

 and pursued for some continuance. The muscles 

 of the belly, and the diaphragm, are employed in 

 its slightest exertions ; but those of the ribs are 

 strongly agitated in the louder ; and the head 

 sometimes is thrown backward, in order to raise 

 them with greater ease. The smile is often an 

 indication of kindness and good-will : it is also 

 often used as a mark of contempt and ridicule. 



Blushing proceeds from different passions, be- 

 ing produced by shame, anger, pride, and joy. 

 Paleness is often also the effect of anger, and 

 almost ever attendant on fright and fear. These 

 alterations in the colour of the countenance are 

 entirely involuntary ; all the other expressions of 

 the passions are, in some small degree, under 

 controul ; but blushing and paleness betray our 

 secret purposes, and we might as well attempt 

 to stop them, as the circulation of the blood, by 

 which they are caused. 



The whole head, as well as the features of the 

 ikce, takes peculiar attitudes from its passions : it 



