77 



debris, of caring for the young aftergrowth. Nevertheless, the forester 

 must naturally do much the same as the lumberman, and utilize the engi- 

 neering skill which has been developed in the logging business. 



According to the size and location of his property and the working 

 capital at his disposal, he will resort to old fashioned methods of logging 

 skidding the logs by horses or mules to skidways, and hauling them on 

 wagons or with sleds on ice roads to the landings ; or using lumber slides 

 and water flumes to bring the material either to rivers, which he may have 

 to dam and regulate in their course in order to float and drive the soft- 

 woods, or to rail if hardwoods ; or else he may benefit from the develop- 

 ment of steam logging devices in connection with steam railroads. 



DAM AND TIMBER SLIDE, McGILLlVRAY LAKE, COULONGE. QUE 



Photo by Houghton W. Willson. 



Whether the transportation is by rail or water, or by sled or wagon, 

 the locating of the roads is one of the most important functions of the log- 

 ger. Be it that temporary winter roads or permanent summer roads are to 

 be used, a well planned system of main roads and branches must be located. 

 So important, for financial reasons, is the question of road location consid- 

 ered in German forests, that a permanent road system forms most import- 

 ant initial investment on our undeveloped lands the only plan is tempor- 

 ary roads. 



