VAN PELT'S COW DEMONSTRATION 



almost the whole of the appendage comes in contact with 

 the cold surface, and garget or inflamed udders and spoiled 

 quarters are more liable to occur. When the cow stands in 

 or walks through muddy places the udder and teats get wet 

 and muddy, and the least of the troubles that follow is that 

 far too much of the mud finds its way into the milk pail. 



Deep Udder Objectionable 



These difficulties can largely be overcome by good care 

 but the real vital disadvantage of the udder that is large, 

 because of its depth only, is that its joining surface with the 

 body is limited. Along the body pass the large arteries 

 through which are carried the materials for milk manufacture 

 and from which many small arteries pass downward into 

 and all through the udder. If the size is obtained by length 

 and breadth, a greater area of the udder comes in contact with 

 the large arteries and opportunity is presented for a greater 

 number of small arterial branches to be given off, carrying 

 in them the blood laden with milk-making nutrients to be 

 distributed among the numberless cells that form the working 

 parts of the udder. 



To be long the udder must be attached high behind and 

 carried far forward. There is no danger of the rear attach- 

 ment being too high nor the front attachment too far for- 

 ward. Cows with udders the front and rear attachments of 

 which are both to be found in between the hind legs are 

 never known as great producers of either milk or profits. 



Width of udder development is determined by the con- 

 formation of the thighs. If encouraged by thin thighs that 

 are free from all signs of beefiness, they must curve outward, 

 forming a broad, well defined arch, which has its beginning 

 high, insuring breadth at the highest point where the udder 

 attaches. 



Thin Thighs 



Beefiness in the thighs, as in any other part of the body, 

 is to be guarded against so that in instances of cows with 

 well formed hind quarters the thigh can be measured with 

 the thumb and index finger. To recognize the importance 

 of this conformation one needs only to investigate the size 

 and form of the udder hung between beefy hind quarters. 

 Especially is this true with such pronounced beef-making 

 proclivities as would excite the pride of the breeder of beef 

 cattle or give assurance that the cow was capable of winning 

 prizes in the show yard. Such a cow approaches the fulfill- 

 ment of the beef cattle breeder's slogan, "beef to the hocks." 

 Instead of being able to measure her thighs with the thumb 



[55] 



