VAN PELT'S COW DEMONSTRATION 



The shoulders should be oblique and not coarse, although 

 masculinity encourages coarseness to some extent, and bulls 

 are always heavier, comparatively, in the front quarters than 

 cows. Depth of chest and obliqueness of shoulders tend to- 

 ward narrowness at the withers. There being no reason for 

 width at this point, it is a mark of excellency for the top of 

 the shoulders to be pointed, giving the animal a wedge-shaped 

 appearance when viewed from in front. 



As further indications of constitution, capacity and quality, 

 the heart girth and barrel should be long and deep, the ribs 

 deep and well sprung, and the body covered with hide that 

 is soft, pliable, elastic and oily, the hair fine and silky. These 

 points, with the exception of the character of the hide and 

 hair, are more evident in the male than in the female, and, 

 therefore, more readily distinguished. Furthermore, in the 

 well bred sire of proper form the back bone shows greater 

 development, is more open jointed and larger, and, like the 

 well bred cow of desirable conformation, there is an absolute 

 freedom from beefiness in these regions and over the entire 

 body. 



Much consideration should be given the hind quarters of 

 the animal, for these parts indicate the ability he is liable to 

 transmit to his female offspring. Reasonable width between 

 prominent hip bones, great length and straightness from the 

 hip to the pin bones and width through the thurls indicate 

 that there will be a like conformation in the calves. 



In the case of heifer calves these points indicate that when 

 they have grown to cowhood they will have roomy, pro- 

 ductive organs and long, well balanced udders. If the bull's 

 rump is short and* drooping, and there is narrowness between 

 the thurls. it is quite likely that his calves will be of the same 

 conformation and few, if any, well formed and well balanced 

 udders will result from his use. 



Viewed from behind, the thighs should be thin, well 

 curved and free from fat and beef, forming an arch that is at 

 once high and broad. By conveying the same peculiarity to 

 his effeminate offspring suitable provision is made for the 

 placement of an udder that may be wide and hung well up 

 behind. Bulls beefy in the hind quarters and not cut well 

 up behind should be guarded against, as their heifers are 

 seldom of a desirable sort. 



As an indication of the size of the udders and the place- 

 ment of the teats on the progeny of the bull the rudimentary 

 teats which should be found forward on the scrotum should 

 be recognized as an index. It is believed that if these teats 

 are large the teats of the female progeny will be large, and if 

 the rudimentaries are placed far apart the teats on his daugh- 

 ters will be placed far apart. In addition to being a desirable 



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