12 CONTENTS 



SECTION II 



LABORATORY METHODS AND TECHNIC 



PAGE 



CHAPTER VI. STERILIZATION 83 



Sterilization by the Flame, SS.-rSterilization by Hot Air, 83. Sterilization by 

 Streaming Steam, 84. Sterilization by Steam under Pressure, 85. Sterilization 

 at Temperature Lower than Boiling-point, 87. Sterilization by Addition of 

 Chemicals, 87. Sterilization by Filtration, 87. 



CHAPTER VII. CULTURE-MEDIA AND THEIR PREPARATION 89 



Use of Normal Salt Solutions of Acid and Alkali and Methods of Expressing 

 Reactions, 89. Nature of Nutrients Required by Bacteria, 90. Liquid Media, 

 91. Bouillon or Beef Broth from Meat. 91. Bouillon or Broth from Beef Extract, 

 91. Sugar-free Broth, 91. Sugar Broth, 92. Glycerin Broth, 92. Serum Broth, 

 92. Dunham's Solution, 92. Beerwort, 92. Milk, 92. Synthetic Media, 92. 

 Liquefiable Solid Media, 93. Nutrient Gelatin, 93. Other Gelatin Media, 93. 

 Nutrient Agar, 93. Other Agar Media, 93. Non-liquefiable Media, 94. Potato, 

 94. Other Vegetable Media, 94. Blood-serum, 94. Egg Medium, 95. 



CHAPTER VIII. BIOCHEMICAL TESTS 96 



Acid Production, 96. Alkali Production, 96. Gas Production, 96. Reduction 

 Processes, 97. Indol Production, 98. Thermal Death-point, 99. Efficiency of 

 Disinfectants, 99. 



CHAPTER IX. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION AND STAINING METHODS. . 100 



Measuring Bacteria, 101. Examining of Living Bacteria, 101. Hanging Drops, 

 101. Staining Methods, 102. Mordants, 102. Formulas of Some of the Com- 

 monly Used Stains, 102. Preparation of a Stained Mount, 103. Spore Stain, 104. 

 Stain for Acid-fast (Acid-proof) Organisms, 104. Flagella Stain, 105. 

 Gram's Staining Method, 106. Blood and Protozoan Stains, 106. 



CHAPTER X. METHODS OF SECURING PURE CULTURES OF BACTERIA. . . . 107 



Dilution Method, 107. Isolation by Smearing, 107. Direct Isolation, 107. 

 Isolation by Plating, 108. Isolation by the Use of Heat, 109. Isolation by the 

 Use of Differential Antiseptics or Disinfectants, 109. Isolation by Animal Inocu- 

 lation, 109. 



CHAPTER XI. STUDY OF BACTERIAL CULTURES 110 



Cultural Characters, 110. Agar Stroke, 110. Potato, 110. Blood-serum, 111. 

 Gelatin Stab, 111. Nutrient Broth, 111. Milk, 111. Litmus Milk, 112. 

 Gelatin Plate Colonies, 112. Colonies on Agar Plates, 113. Physiological 

 Characters, 115. 



SECTION III 



BACTERIA AND THE RESISTANCE OF THE ANIMAL BODY TO 



DISEASE 



CHAPTER XII. BACTERIA AND DISEASE; GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.. 11(> 



Koch's Rules, 116. Animal Inoculation, 117. Interrelationships of the Organ- 

 i-ni and the Body, 119. 



CHAPTER XIII. IMMUNITY. GENERAL DISCUSSION 121 



Immunity, 121. External Resistance to Infection, 121. Variations of Individu- 

 als in Susceptibility to Disease. Pri-di-posing Factors, 122. Types of Immun- 



122. Natural Immunity, 122. Acquired Immunity, 123. Active Ac-quin-d 

 Immunity, 123. Acquired Passive Immunity, 125. Tli>ri<-s<,t Immunity, 12. r >. 

 Theory of Exhaustion. 125. Noxious Ret'cntion Thc-ory, 126. MetchnikofT'.s 



>rv of Phagocytosis, 126. Ehrlich'M Humoral Theory. 120. Duration of 

 Immunity, 127. Antigens and Antibodies, IL'7. -Antibodies HM F;u-tors in Ac- 

 quired Immunity, 127. 



