210 VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY 



use of the serum of animals recovered from the disease and 

 hyperimmunized by repeated injections has been followed by 

 even better results. Certain French veterinarians have secured 

 unusually good results by the prophylactic injection of such a 

 serum. The immunity conferred is not permanent. The cura- 

 tive effect seems sufficient to warrant its use in many cases. 



Diagnosis. Bacteriologic diagnosis may be made by identi- 

 fication of a gram-positive Streptococcus from the lesions charac- 

 teristic of the disease. 



Transmission. Transmission probably occurs most frequently 

 by the use of common drinking troughs and by ingestion of infec- 

 tive food; more rarely, by direct contact and inhalation. It is 

 probable that the organism may remain in the glands and folli- 

 cles of the nasal mucosa after recovery of some animals, and such 

 might easily infect others. 



Streptococcus gallinarom 



Synonyms. Streptococcus of Norgaard and Mohler. Strep- 

 tococcus capsulatus gallinarum (?). 



Disease Produced. Apoplectiform and other septicemias in 

 chickens. 



This disease was first described, and its cause isolated, by 

 Norgaard and Mohler in 1902. The same disease was studied by 

 Moore and Mack in 1905. Damman and Manengold (1906) 

 recorded an epidemic of " fowl sleeping sickness," due to a Strep- 

 tococcus, and later, in 1908, noted a similar outbreak. 



Distribution. The disease has been reported from the original 

 outbreak in Virginia, from northern New York, from Sweden, 

 and a similar, if not identical, disease from Germany. 



Morphology. The organism is a typical Streptococcus with 

 chains of variable length, cells 0.6-0.8 [A in diameter, stains readily 

 by the ordinary anilin dyes, and is positive to Gram's stain. 

 With the exception of the doubtful difference in diameter, there 

 appear to be no morphologic characters which differentiate it from 

 Str. pyogenes. The German type is described as forming capsules 

 in the blood, and may be entirely distinct. 



Isolation and Culture. The organism may be isolated from the 

 blood and internal organs of affected fowls. It does not produce 



